Politiki : Ubumuntu bw'abanyarwanda FPR ibugeze ku buce !

Publié le 25 janvier 2013 par veritas

Ndatangira iyi nyandiko nsubira mu rwenya umuntu yigeze kuduha ,uretse ko bishobora kuba byaranabayeho.”Umusaza yagiye mu isoko ku manywa y’ihangu yitwaje itoroshi ricanye, abanyesoko bamubonye bati ese ko ucanye itoroshi ku manywa? Undi arabasubiza ati ndigushakisha umuntu ariko namubuze”.

Kuri uyu musaza n’ubwo hari ku manywa y’ihangu, umuntu yashushanyaga ufite ubumuntu ari ameze ate! Tugenekereje ubumuntu ni iki? Ni icyo twakita mu gifaransa « valeurs humaines ».

Ubumuntu ni uburyo umuntu atekereza, akora, akubaha ibitekerezo by’abandi, akamenya kubatega amatwi, byose akabikora yitaye ku buryo abandi babifata, akabubahira ko ari abantu nka we mu mitekerereze. Ibyo byose bikagaragazwa n’ibikorwa bya kimuntu birimo : kugira impuhwe, gutabara aho rukomeye uhereye iwawe, gutoza abato uburere bubajyana heza, n’ibindi……

Umuryango nyarwanda uragenda ugaragara nk’utakigira ubumuntu, nk’utakigira mukuru.

Bituruka he ?

Kuva FPR yafata ubuyobozi, habayeho gahunda nyinshi zikangurira abantu kongera kwiyubaka kubera jenoside n'ubwicanyi byari byahitanye imbaga bikanangiza byinshi. Habonetse imiryango mpuzamahanga (ONGs) ihugura abanyarwanda b’ingeri zose ku bwinshi ku ngingo zitandukanye. Zimwe muri zo twavuga nka :

· Uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane

· Kwimakaza umuco w’amahoro

· Uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’umugore n’umugabo mu majyambere

· Imiyoborere myiza no kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi

· n’izindi…

Izi nyigisho zaratanzwe kugeza ku bayobozi b’utugari. Ariko se impuguro zatanzwe niko zashyizwe mu bikorwa ? Hoya. Gahunda za Leta ya FPR zagoretse ibintu uko byari byigishijwe abaturage, maze IGISILIKARE nticyatuma binyagambura ngo babone umusaruro w’ibyo batangiye.

Ahanini hakoreshejwe igitugu n'amayeri

Mu magambo make, ukwivanga kw’abasirikari muri gahunda zakagombye kurekerwa abayobozi b’abasivili byatumye umuturage atibona mu buyobozi. Ni uko uby’ubumuntu aba abishyize ku ruhande ashakisha ubundi bucurabwenge kugira ngo arebe ko bwacya kabiri.

Dore zimwe muri gahunda zashegeshe UBUMUNTU bw’umunyarwanda

· Gacaca

Ubundi gacaca mbere y’uko iteshwa agaciro, ngo ihahamure abanyarwanda uko bameze ubu, yari uburyo bwakoreshwaga n’umuryango nyarwanda, maze abafitanye amakimbirane inama ikarangira biyunze, nyir’ugukora icyaha akanagira uruhare mu kwifatira ibihano. Filip Reyntjens umushakashatsi wa Université d’Anvers, yakoze ubushashatsi ku mikorere ya gacaca muri iki gihe, yerekana uburyo yanakemura ibibazo byinshi kandi vuba. Yayisobanuye uko yari iteye mbere aho agira ati : « Le gacaca ou la justice du gazon au Rwanda - IRD ». Ibyago u Rwanda rwagize ni uko FPR yayigize umuyoboro w'ikibi cyo guhoora ,ihoora rizagera no ku buvivure!

Gahunda ya gacaca ku buryo bwa FPR ntabwo yaje ije kubaka umuryango nyarwanda(tissus social). Yaje ije kuwusenya kuko iyi gacaca yabo (FPR) ntituma uwakoze icyaha agira uruhare mu bihano bye, ntituma abahemukiranye bavugana hagamijwe ubwiyunge, ahubwo bavugana hagamijwe « munyumvishirize ». Ishakisha umuntu wifite cyangwa ufite ubumuntu, igashaka kumukoresha mu mabi yo guhemukira bamwe mu baziranenge ikoresheje lobbings zayo. Abenshi rero mu bari bafite ubumuntu baratsinzwe kubera gutinya imbunda, bituma ababeshyerwa baba benshi muri gereza, abandi bararuhunga.

Umwihariko wa gacaca ya FPR : gahunda yahereye muri nyumbakumi abaturage bari bikundaniye, bakabona ko no kuvugisha ukuri ari byo bizabubaka vuba. Ariko bigeze mu kagari, abasirikari banyuze muri bamwe mu baturage, imvugo itangira kugorama, umuntu wari wavugishije ukuri muri nyumbakumi nawe atangira kwifata no kwicuza impamvu yagiye avuga. Ukwivanga kw’aba basilikari muri Gacaca kuba gutangiye kuyizambya gutyo, umuryango nyarwanda(tissu social) usenyuka burundu utyo.

Nibuka kimwe mu bibazo byabazwaga : ni nde nyirabayazana muri iyi nyumbakumi? Umuturage na we no kwihuta mu kuri kwe (spontanéité) ati ni uwahanuye indege ya Habyarimana. Icyakurikiragaho ni ibitutsi, n’ibisobanuro byinshi bicurikanze bitanzwe n’abasirikali kugira ngo bakwepe icyo gisubizo.

Muri iyi gacaca hari ibikorwa byinshi byabereyemo byirukanye ugusugira k’ubumuntu; umugore yakanguriwe kubeshyera umugabo we, umukazana abuzwa kuvugisha ukuri ku ibohwa rya sebukwe, umuvandimwe abeshyera mwene nyina. Mbese iby’ububyeyi n’ubwana byabaye bishyizwe ku ruhande hasigara ukwishishanya no guhekenyerana amenyo, muri gereza hatera abanyamadini bakangurira abantu kwirega ariko mu by’ukuri gahunda nyayo ,ari iyo gukoresha abo bireze ngo babeshyere abandi ubufatanyacyaha, akenshi abo bireze bibeshyera.

Ikindi cyatumye ubumuntu buhungabana muri gahunda ya Gacaca, ni uburyo umugabo wese w’indakemwa mu myifatire, iyo baburaga icyo bamushinja, bamugerekagaho abagore yasambanyije ku ngufu kuko icyo ngo ari icyaha kidasobanurirwa mu ruhame.

Hiyongereyeho rero na gahunda yo gusahura hakoreshejwe gacaca. Ubundi kuva 1994 kugeza2003 hari hamenyerewe ibyo gupanga no gupangura, upangiwe agatanga ifaranga kuko abenshi bapangirwaga ari abari bifite, uretse ko hari n’abagiye babona bibarenze bakiyahura, abandi bakicwa n’umutima. Abagupangiraga kandi babifashwagamo n’abo wita inshuti zawe. Ibyo byose rero byatumye umuntu yumva agomba kwibana, no kumva ibyo akora bimureba wenyine, ko gukora icyiza n’ikibi bingana. Bitewe n’ uko Gacaca rero yafashwe nk’iherezo ryo kuba waronkera kuri genocide, abasaba indishyi z’akababaro bazaka bivuye inyuma, umuntu utarigeze atunga amafaranga 100 y’u Rwanda akihanukira ngo ibyo yaratunze bifite agaciro ka miriyoni 10. Nibuka umusaza watse indishyi z’akababaro maze abaturage bari aho ntibihangana baraseka kuko yari arengeje urugero, umukecuru (umugore) we icyo gihe yatashye arizwa n’uko ubunyangamugayo abaturage bari baziho umugabo we abusenye.

Gacaca yateranije abatutsi hagati yabo ,abahutu hagati yabo ,n’abahutu n’abatutsi ariko byose byatewe na gahunda y 'igisirikari cya FPR.

Gacaca yatumye Mukuru atondagirwa n’abamugishaga inama kandi bamubeshyera, ifata umwana imuca ku muryango, umugabo imuca ku mugore, umwana imuca kuri se….kubera ingeso yo gupangapanga, ugasanga umuntu akoreshejwe mu gupangira uwo yibonagamo nk’umuntu ntamakemwa, umunyarwanda kuba nyakamwe bimutera kutigirira icyizere, icyitwa ubumuntu agicira mu nda muri iyo gahunda y’ubunyamaswa. Iyo gacaca yafunze abantu, isahura abantu ituma abantu bahunga, bamwe mu batutsi barenganuye abahutu barakubitwa bagirwa ibimuga, abandi baratorongera barahunga, byose kubera ubunyamaswa bwayibereyemo.

· Uburyo bwo gutanga akazi no kukavanwaho.

Ipiganwa kugira ngo umuntu yinjire mu kazi ako ariko kose riramenyerewe mu Rwanda. Benshi bamaze gutozwa umuco wo kwandika umwirondoro (cv) wabo. Gusa uko impamyabushobozi ufite yaba ihanitse kose ugomba kuba ufite icyiso muri FPR. Kuba ngo yarahagaritse jenoside (uretse ko itayihagaritse kuko yarabaye) FPR yabyihayemo uburenganzira bwo kugena imibereho y’umunyarwanda, hadashingiwe ku bumenyi bwe, cyangwa izindi mpano Imana yamwihereye.

Uko byakunze kugaragara bimwe mu byangombwa bisabwa nka diplome, permi de conduire, urupapuro rugaragaza aho wakoze, n’ibindi…bivanwa muri dosiye y’umuntu mbere y’ijonjora kugira ngo adashyira kurutonde rw'abujuje ibyangombwa byo guhabwa akazi (conditions de recrutement). Ng’uko uko usanga imyanya igenda ihabwa abantu batigeze bamenya na duke ku birebana n’urwego (volet) bashyizwemo ngo bazabyiga bagezemo. Maze abo nabo bagera mu kazi si ugukurura amatiku, kwiremereza batibagiwe gahunda nyamukuru ya FPR: gusahura.

Nibyo, buri wese aba akeneye akazi, icyo ngaya cyane ni uburyo bashitura abantu kandi imyanya yaramaze gutangwa kera. Muri iyi gahunda naho usanga ibyitso biguhesha akazi ari abasirikare, ntibatinye no kwigamba ko bafite ububasha bwo guhesha umuntu icyo bashatse. Itangwa ry’akazi rituma abantu bishishanya, abari inshuti ku ishuri no mu tundi…bagahinduka abanzi, abatabonye akazi bakumva ko abandi bakabibye. Ibi Bizana n’urwikekwe navuga ko rufite ishingiro kuko uhawe akazi akenshi yitwara nka maneko, kutumva ibyo akora bituma ahora ashakisha ubugambo (bw’ibinyoma) ashyira abasirikari. Ibyo bituma ako kazi akamaraho kabiri kuko ngo aba akorere icyama neza.

Ukwiheba,ukutagira ubwiteganyirize ku kazi (sécurité du travail) bituma umunyarwanda cyane cyane urubyiruko babika ubumuntu bwabo, nta cyizere cy’ubuzima bw’ejo hazaza bifitemo, nta munyakuri ngo areberweho, nta mpuhwe, ahubwo niyo nta kazi ntibatinya kugukangurira kwihangira imirimo nta ntangiriro uteze kuzabona.

Hari abandi bashyirwa mu kazi babikwiye, akenshi igisirikari usanga kibifashisha mu gutekinika amadosiye ya ba “haduyi”. Akenshi usanga harimo abihagararaho dore ko n’amadosiye baba basabwa gukora aba areba inshuti zabo, imiryango yabo. Nta kuzuyaza abo bahimbirwa vuba amadosiye ashingiye ku byo bakora hakoreshejwe bagenzi babo b’abakozi. Umuntu akangishwa abaturage bari bamuziho kuba umuntu, akitwa igisambo, umwicanyi, agashyirwaho ingengabitekerezo n’ibindi, agasigara yishaka akibura. Mu kazi rero kubaho abantu bacengacengana, banekana, bajyana rapport ku musirikare, bituma umushiha ubamwinshi, akazi kakahadindirira, umuntu ntabone umwanya wo gutekereza ku kiza ari nacyo cyubaka ubumuntu bwe.

· Kugena imishahara y’abakozi

Inkubiri yo gukangurira abantu kugira amashuri ahanitse kugira ngo bashobore kubona akazi, nk’uko n’ahandi mu bindi bihugu usanga babisaba, u Rwanda narwo ntirwasigaye inyuma muri iyo gahunda. Ku batarashoboye kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye candidat libre nazo zituma babona impamyabumenyi zibahesha uburenganzira bwo kujya mu mashuri makuru. Ibi byari byiza pe. Inenge ihari kuri izi candidat libre n’uko hiyibagizwa urutonde rw’amasomo ngombwa umuntu yakabonye kugira ngo abe yajya muri secteur runaka, bigatuma rero mu kazi haba umusaruro udashimishije.

Imishahara rero ishingira ku mashuri umuntu yize ahantu hose, gusa mu Rwanda igenwa ry’imishahara ridashingiye ku musaruro ukenewe ku muntu, riri mu byirukana ubumuntu. Imirimo myinshi yitwaga ko ari impano (vocation) byatumye ihinduka business (urugero ubwarimu bwari vocation none gutagenerwa umushahara ukwiye usanga mwarimu ashishikazwa no kwikorera ku ruhunde utundi turimo twamubeshaho). Ni hake rwose ugisanga ishyaka ryo kudasekwa kubera umusaruro muke. Ibi rero biha abazi kuvuga uburyo bwo kugendera ku ikosa rigaragaye ku muntu, maze bakamudiyaboliza (diabiliser),ubwo akaba ataye umurongo mu maso y’abaturage, ntiyigirire icyizere. Aha ndatanga urugero n’ubundi kuri mwarimu mu gushinjwa ubusambanyi ku mbuga za internet ngo aragurisha amanota.

Imishahara y’intica ntikize kuri nyamwishi, nyamara hari abandi bahembwa n’arenze ibyo bakora ituma abanyarwanda bagirana amashyari, bityo gushyira hamwe cyangwa se kumva ko umuntu akeneye undi mu kazi ntibibeho ahubwo bagahora mu mwiryane no gusuzugurana, ubunyamaswa bukimikwa, kuba wigerera (direct) kwa Kagame cyanga wigerera (direct) kwa afandi runaka bigasimbura kwerekana igikorwa cy’ubumuntu.

Umwanzuro

1.Gahunda ya gisirikari ya FPR yo kwivanga muri gacaca inyuze mu bayobozi no muri bamwe mu baturage bashukwa cyangwa bakoreshwa,yashegeshe bikomeye abanyarwanda batabarika: hari abishwe, hari abafunzwe barengana,hari abateshejwe agaciro, hari abambuwe ibyabo, hari abahunze n'abandi benshi batotejwe mu buryo bunyuranye.

Iyo mikorere mibisha ikwiye guhagarara bidatinze, hakajyaho ubuyobozi bushya bushingiye kuri demokarasi nayo yubatse ku kuri,k'ubutabera n'ubwisanzure bwa buri wese. Ubwo buyobozi bushya burakenewe kuburyo bwihutirwa,kuko aribwo bwaha rugari abaturage, bo ubwabo bakiyubaka, dore ko bababaye bihagije. N'ubumuntu bavukijwe bwabagarukira, bakongera kuba abantu nyrizina, bakihemberamo imico myiza yabarangaga mbere y'uko babuzwa uburyo n'igitugu cya FPR; bityo bakagera kubwiyunge nyabwo,ureke buriya bwa nyirarureshwa Kagame n'abambari be bahoza mu kanwa.

2.Muri propagande yayo,ijambo UBUMUNTU FPR yarisimbuje UBUNYANGAMUGAYO. Nyamara kubera inzangano yabibye mubaturarwanda FPR yahinduye abantu INKUNDAMUGAYO. Ibyo bikwiye guhagarara bwangu,abayobozi ba gisivili bagakora akazi kabo mu bwisanzure, nta nkeke ya buri kanya y'abasilikare b'icyama.

3.Igisirikare nigishyirwe mu bigo, dore ko kuba umusilikare bidahita biguha ubumenyi bwa byose nk'uko FPR ibyibwira. Ibi bizatuma abaturage bashyitsa umutima mu gitereko, ibyo kunekera abasilikare n'izindi maneko bicike burundu. Abantu bazaboneraho n'uburyo bwo gusana ubumuntu bwabo bwahungabanye, maze buhoro buhoro basabane n'abandi, batunge batunganirwe mu Rwagasabo.

Marie MUKAMWIZA

Commissaire RDI

Affaire Sociale et Développement