Politiki: Gukuraho no gutanga ubuhunzi kubanyarwanda bikorwa na nde? Aho Kagame na HCR ntibapfunyikiye abanyarwanda amazi?

[Nkuko twabibonye Kagame Paul yishyiriyeho ingingo mu itegeko nshinga yemeza ko atazakurikiranwa ku byaha ari gukora muri iki gihe yitwa perezida, ariko aribeshya kuko uko yashyizeho iyo ngingo niko uzamusimbura azashyiraho indi ngingo iyikuraho noneho yo yemeza ko agomba guhanirwa ibyo yakoze! Ibi byose birerekana ko Kagame na FPR birirwa mu gipindi cyo kwibeshya bakabeshya n'abanyarwanda . Ibyo bakoze mu itegeko nshinga nanibyo bakoze mu gufata icyemezo cyo gusaba HCR gukuraho ubuhunzi kubanyarwanda, kugira ngo HCR ishyigikire icyo cyemezo, Kagame Paul yahatangiye amafaranga atabirika yashoboraga kurihira abana benshi amashuri! Burya ngo nta mpumyi irandata indi, ubu ngo imiryango nyarwanda idaharanira inyungu iri gutera hejuru ngo Tanzaniya iri gusubiza abanyarwanda iwabo niyamaganwe ! Wenda ibi iyi miryango iri kubikora nkana kugira ngo irebe ko yarebwa neza na Kagame Paul udashobora kwivugira muri iki gihe ngo abe yabwira Tanzaniya nk'umuturanyi ko yaba yoroheje ibyo kwirukana abanyarwanda kubera politiki ye  yo gukoresha ubuhiri muri byose! Kagame Paul yagombye gusanganira abanyarwanda bari kuva muri Tanzaniya akababwira ijambo ryo kubahumuriza kandi akabumvisha ko icyemezo yafashe cyo gukuraho ubuhunzi kubanyarwanda kibafitiye akamaro! None se icyo cyemezo cyo gukuraho ubuhunzi kubanyarwanda kimwe no gutanga ubuhunzi gifatwa na nde? nimwisomere uko amategeko abivuga]

ps: Nubwo imiryango nyarwanda ishinja Tanzaniya kwirukana nabi abanyarwanda , Tanzaniya yo iravugako leta y'u Rwanda yayishimye kuri icyo gikorwa cyo kwirukana abanyarwanda. Kanda kuri iyi youtube wumve uko BBC ibivuga : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eI_izAcUfq8&feature=youtu.be

Mu nama ya 60 nshingwabikorwa ya HCR yabereye i Genève mu Busuwisi kuva kuya 28 nzeri kugeza kuya 02 ukwakira 2009, hafashwe ingamba zitandukanye zo kurangiza ubuhunzi burambye.  Twakwibutsa ko u Rwanda rwari rwatumiwe muri iyo nama nk’indorerezi, intumwa zarwo zari ziyobowe na secrétaire wa leta Christine NYATANYI. Mu ngamba enye zafashwe, iya nyuma ni iyo gukuraho ubuhunzi bitewe n’uko impamvu zatumye bahunga zitakiriho.

Nyuma ya lobby z’igihe kirekire, u Rwanda rwabashije kumvisha HCR ko nta mpamvu ikiriho ituma impunzi z’u Rwanda zikomeza kubaho. HCR yumvikanye n’u Rwanda isaba ibihugu byose byakiriye impunzi z’abanyarwanda gukuraho ubuhunzi ku banyarwanda. Impunzi zirebwa n’iki kibazo ni izahunze mbere y’itariki ya 01/01/1999(Reba ingamba zafatiwe impunzi z’abanyarwanda aha http://www.unhcr.fr/4b71781fe.html. Ibi HCR yabikoze nyuma yo kumvishwa n’u Rwanda ko nta mpamvu n’imwe ihari ituma habaho impunzi z’abanyarwanda kubera ko ngo ibyo bahunze byarangiye(Byavuyeho). HCR yumvikanye n’ibihugu byakiriye impunzi zu Rwanda ko byazaba byamaze gushyira mu bikorwa iki cyemezo bitarenze kuwa 30 kamena 2013. Ubu iyo tariki yararenze.

Ni ukuvuga rero ko nta mpunzi y’umunyarwanda ikiriho kuva kuwa 01 nyakanga 2013 ?

Uwabyemeza gutya ntaho byaba bitaniye no kubeshya. Mu by’ukuri, ibihugu byakiriye impunzi z’abanyarwanda nibyo byonyine bifite ububasha bwo gukuraho ubuhunzi ku bantu babihungiyemo.

None se izo strategies za HCR ku mpunzi z’u Rwanda zifite akahe gaciro?

HCR ni umuryango wa LONI washyizweho n’icyemezo n° 428(IV) cy’umuryango w’abibumbye, ukaba warashyizweho kugira ngo uhangane n’ibibazo by’ubuhunzi ku isi. Muri manda yawo, nk’uko bigaragara mu mategeko shingiro ya HCR, harimo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zose zafashwe hagamijwe kongera imibereho myiza y’impunzi ndetse n’izo kugabanya umubare wazo hifashishijwe amasezerano HCR ikorana n’ibihugu byakiriye impunzi. Iyo rero usomye statuts za HCR, ubona ko mubyo HCR ishinzwe hatarimo gukuriraho impunzi ubuhunzi. Reka tubisobanure gato.

Mu mategeko agenga impunzi harimo amasezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye impunzi yasinyiwe i Genève kuwa 28 nyakanga 1951 ndetse n’amasezerano nyafurika yerekeye ibibazo by’impunzi muri Afurika yasinyiwe i Addis abbeba kuwa 10 nzeri 1969. Aya niyo mategeko mpuzamahanga y’ingenzi agenga impunzi. Cyakora ntibibuza buri gihugu kuba cyashyiraho amategeko yacyo yerekeranye n’impunzi ariko akaba atagomba kubangamira ariya masezerano mpuzamahanga 2 twavuze haruguru.

Aya masezerano rero yasinywe kandi anemezwa n’ibihugu hafi ya byose byibumbiye mu muryango w’abibumbye. HCR ntiri mu basinye ayo masezerano, bikanumvikana ko itakuriraho ubuhunzi abantu itabahaye kuko butangwa n’ibihugu byasinye ariya masezerano twavuze ari nabyo biba bicumbikiye izo mpunzi. HCR yo yita cyane cyane ku mibereho y’impunzi muri rusange, igafasha n’ibihugu byakiriye impunzi kuzicyura iwabo ku neza. HCR ntijya icyura impunzi ku ngufu keretse gufasha mu gucyura impunzi zatswe ubuhungiro n’ibihugu zahungiyemo.

HCR rero yasabye ibihugu bicumbikiye impunzi z’abanyarwanda kuzikuriraho ubuhunzi hakurikijwe ibyo ariya masezerano mpuzamahanga twavuze haruguru ateganya. Mu byo ateganya byatuma hakurwaho ubuhunzi umuntu yari yahawe harimo no kuba impamvu zari zatumye umuntu ahunga zaba zaravuyeho.

HCR isaba ibihugu gukuraho ubuhunzi ku banyarwanda bavuga ko icyatumye bahunga ubu cyavuyeho. Mu by’ukuri se ni iki cyatumye bahunga? Ntabwo bahunze intambara gusa ahubwo bahunze FPR yabicaga mu ntambara ya 1994, ibakurikira no mu nkambi bahungiyemo zari mu Rwanda ndetse no hanze y’u Rwanda, irabatsemba ubu hasigaye bake bayicitse nibo bakiri impunzi hirya no hino cyane cyane muri Congo. Umunyarwanda wishwe cyangwa akicirwa abe na leta wamubwira ute ko impamvu yatumye ahunga yavuyeho kandi ubutegetsi bwamwishe bukiriho?

Wakumvisha uwo muntu ute ko nataha atazicwa urw’agashinyaguro cyangwa agatezwa inkiko bamubeshyera ko ari umugenocidaire? HCR ntiyari ikwiye kwitiranya umutekano witwa ko uri mu Rwanda n’umutekano wa buri muntu ku giti cye. Kuba HCR ivuga hari inzego za démocratie mu Rwanda nka komisiyo y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, kwitorera perezida n’inteko ishinga amategeko, gukuraho igihano cy’urupfu, ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, n’ibindi……. biragaragaza ko yashutswe na leta ya Kigali. Uwakumva ijambo perezida yabwiye urubyiruko ndetse akarutegeka gusaba imbabazi mu izina ry’abahutu, yakwerura akavuga ko mu Rwanda hari ubwiyunge na démocratie?

Ikindi HCR yirengagiza, ni uko intambara u Rwanda rushoza muri congo zitarangiranye na 1998 nk’uko ibivuga. ONU ntihwema kwiyama u Rwanda ku nkunga rugenda rutera imitwe ya Gisilikare irwanya ubutegetsi bwa Congo. Abasirikari b’u Rwanda bahora muri Kongo kwicirayo abanyarwanda. Ku bwumvikane na Congo, u Rwanda rwagiye muri Congo inshuro zirenze eshatu ngo guhiga FDLR. Bitwaza FDLR bakajya gutsemba impunzi z’abanyarwanda zahungiyeyo. None se tuvuge ko HCR itazi ibyo byose? Ahubwo ibirengaho nkana ishutswe n’ubutegetsi bw’i Kigali. None se kuki ubona ibihugu byakiriye abanyarwanda byangira kubambura ubuhungiro ni mpamvu ki? Aho icyo HCR iracyibaza?

Mu nama HCR yakoranye n’abahagarariye ibihugu 21 bya Afurika bicumbikiye impunzi z’abanyarwanda yabereye i Genève mu busuwisi kuwa 9 nzeri 2011, hemejwemo izo ngamba za HCR. Cyakora abahagarariye ibihugu byabo muri iyo nama bagaragarije HCR ko gutahuka ku bushake ndetse korohereza impunzi gutura muri ibyo bihugu ariwo muti nyawo w’ikibazo cy’impunzi z’abanyarwanda. Bongereyeho ko gukuraho ubuhunzi ku banyarwanda bigomba gukorwa mu buryo bwa kimuntu kandi butabogamye(de manière juste et humaine). Ibi biragaragaza impungenge ibyo bihugu bifite kuri izo ngamba za HCR.

Izo ngamba za HCR zigamije kugabanya mafaranga itanga ku mpunzi z’abanyarwanda ariko ntitubeshye ngo mu Rwanda hari umutekano nta mpamvu n’imwe yabuza impunzi gutaha.

Amasezerano y’i Genève yerekeranye n’impunzi, mu ngingo yayo ya 1 C, 5)  avuga atya : Cette Convention cessera, dans les cas ci-après, d'être applicable à toute personne visée par les dispositions de la section A ci-dessus : (……………………….)

5 ) Si, les circonstances à la suite desquelles elle a été reconnue comme réfugiée ayant cessé d'exister, elle ne peut plus continuer à refuser de se réclamer de la protection du pays dont elle a la nationalité;

Etant entendu, toutefois, que les dispositions du présent paragraphe ne s'appliqueront pas à tout réfugié visé au paragraphe 1 de la section A du présent article qui peut invoquer, pour refuser de se réclamer de la protection du pays dont il a la nationalité, des raisons impérieuses tenant à des persécutions antérieures; .

Agace ka nyuma kemera ko iyo hari impamvu zikomeye zishamikiye ku itotezwa rikomeye ryatumye ahunga, nta mpamvu n’imwe umuntu yakwakwa ubuhungiro kabone n’iyo impamvu zatumye ahunga zaba zavuyeho.

Aha rero niho hari ipfundo rikomeye ryatuma ibihugu bicumbikiye impunzi z’abanyarwanda zanga kuzikuriraho ubuhunzi. Nta mpunzi n’imwe y’u Rwanda yahunze 1994 idafite impamvu zikomeye zatuma itakwa ubuhunzi : Kuba barahunze maze ubutegetsi bahunze bukabakurikira iyo bahungiye bukabicirayo. Abasigaye ntibashobora gukira ibyo bikomere basigaranye kuko no kumva izina FPR ubwaryo birabahahamura. Ndakeka ko ari naho RDC yahereye yanga gushyira umukono ku masezerano yo gukuraho ubuhunzi ku banyarwanda baba muri Congo. Congo izi uburyo inkotanyi zayiteye zikica abantu harimo n’abacongomani. Uru rugero rwa Congo n’ibindi bihugu byagombye kurukurikiza.

Twakwibutsa ko impamvu zikomeye(raisons impérieuses) ari igihugu cyakiriye impunzi kizigaho kikazemeza mu bubasha ntavogerwa bwacyo(appréciation souveraine). Ikindi ni uko ibihugu byakiriye impunzi z’abanyarwanda bidategetswe kugendera kubyo HCR ubwayo iheraho ivuga ko impamvu zatumye abanyarwanda bahunga zavuyeho. Ibyo bihugu nibyo bigena niba byemeranywa n’ibyo HCR ivuga cyangwa se nabyo bikikorera analyse ya situation y’u Rwanda mu kwemeza niba koko icyo abanyarwanda bahunze cyaravuyeho koko. Turasaba ibihugu byaducumbikiye gukoresha ubwo bubasha bubiri byemererwa n’itegeko maze ntibyohereze abanyarwanda mu menyo ya rubamba ariyo FPR na Kagame.

Ibyo bihugu byagombye gufatira urugero rwiza ku Bubiligi. Iki gihugu cy’ububiligi cyakiriye impunzi zitari nke z’abatutsi bahunze génocide. Aho agatsiko k’abatutsi gafatiye igihugu, Ububiligi bwabambuye bwa buhunzi bari barahawe bushingiye ko icyo bahunze(interahamwe zabicaga) cyavuyeho. Bamwe muribo bajuririye icyo cyemezo bavuga ko hari impamvu zikomeye(raisons impérieuses) zituma batasubira mu Rwanda n’ubwo mu by’ukuri bemeraga ko icyo bahunze cyavuyeho. Muri izo mpamvu zikomeye bavuze harimo ukuntu batifuza no kureba u Rwanda bitewe n’amaraso y’ababo babonye ameneka muri icyo gihugu, ko n’iyo batekereje u Rwanda bihita bibahahamura. Ububiligi bwisubiyeho bubasubiza bwa buhunzi. None ni kuki abahutu bahunze FPR, ikabakurikira n’iyo bahungiye ikabicirayo bacyurwa ku ngufu gutyo. Izo ntizihagije kuba impamvu zikomeye zatuma batakwa ubuhunzi ?

Ibi bihugu nibyanga gushyira mu bikorwa icyifuzo cya FPR, bizaba bigiriye abanyarwanda neza kandi abanyarwanda tuzabibashimira.

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