Rwanda-RDC-Mozambique : Ese FPR irashaka kwica impunzi zose z’Abanyarwanda aho ziri hose ku isi?

Mu gihe amasezerano ya Washington agamije kugarura amahoro arambye hagati y’u Rwanda na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) ategerejweho gushyira iherezo ku ntambara imaze imyaka myinshi mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, hari ikindi kibazo gikomeje kugarukwaho ariko kidahabwa umwanya uhagije cyerekeranye n’umutekano ndetse n’ahazaza h’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zimaze imyaka myinshi ziba mu bihugu byo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari cyane cyane mu mashyamba ya Congo kimwe  no mu bindi bihugu by’Afurika.

Bukurikije ingingo iri mu masezerano ya Washington yo gucyura impunzi z’Abanyarwanda cyane cyane ziri muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), buhereye kandi ku makuru bwakusanyije n’ubuhamya bwahawe n’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda ziri mu bihugu by’Afurika cyane cyane muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, muri Uganda ndetse no muri Mozambique, kimwe n’ibikorwa byo guhohotera impunzi z’Abanyarwanda mu bihugu zahungiyemo bimaze igihe kirenga imyaka 30, ubwanditsi bwa « Veritasinfo » bwakoze ubushakashatsi ku bibazo byo guhohotera impunzi z'Abanyarwanda mu bihugu by'Afurika, maze bwibaza ikibazo gikurikira :

«Ese impunzi z’Abanyarwanda ziri hirya no hino mu bihugu by’Afurika zidashaka gutaha cyangwa se zitinya gusubira mu Rwanda kuko zishobora guhohoterwa, zizashobora guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kubaho mu mahoro cyangwa zizakomeza kubaho zihunga igihugu kimwe zijya mu kindi kugera ubuziraherezo ? » Iki kibazo kirushaho gukomera iyo kigeze kuri FDLR, umutwe w’Abanyarwanda umaze imyaka myinshi mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, kimwe n’impunzi zisanzwe zitigeze zifata intwaro ahubwo zihora zihingwa bukware n’ingabo z’u Rwanda RDF, bose bakaba bagomba gutaha mu Rwanda kugirango akarere kose kagire amahoro.

Amasezerano ya Washington n’ikibazo cya FDLR.

Amasezerano y’amahoro yashyiriweho umukono i Washington ku italiki ya 4 Ukuboza 2025, hagati ya Leta ya Congo (RDC) yari ihagarariwe na Perezida Antoine Félix Tshisekedi n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bwari buhagarariwe na Paul Kagame, yashimangiye inzira y’amahoro yari yaremeranyijweho mbere igamije guhagarika amakimbirane hagati y’ibihugu byombi no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo ibyo bihugu byombi byari byarumvikanyeho mu biganiro byayabanjirije bya Luanda muri Angola na Doha muri Qatar no muri Amerika.

Ikibazo cya FDLR kiri mu ngingo zikomeye z’umutekano zagiye zigarukwaho muri ibyo biganiro. Ubutegetsi bwa Kigali bumaze igihe bushinja uwo mutwe (FDLR) gushaka guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda, mu gihe Kinshasa na yo ishinja u Rwanda gushyigikira umutwe wa M23/AFC ndetse no kohereza ingabo zayo ku butaka bwa Congo zikaba zarigaruriye ibice binyuranye by’ubutaka bw’icyo gihugu birimo imijyi minini nka Goma na Bukavu.

Mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Nyakanga (7) uyu mwaka, hashyizwe hanze ibaruwa FDLR yandikiye Perezida wa Congo, iyo baruwa ikaba yaranditswe mu kwezi kwa gatanu uyu mwaka. Muri iyo baruwa, FDLR yiyemeza gushyira intwaro hasi igataha mu Rwanda niba yijejwe umutekano w’abarwanyi bayo kimwe n’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda ishinzwe kurinda; abarwanyi ba FDLR batifuza kujya mu Rwanda bagashakirwa ikindi gihugu bajyanwamo kitari Congo, kandi abarwanyi bayo bashinjwa ibyaha bya génocide bagashyikirizwa inkiko zitabogamye.

Abayobozi ba Congo bemeza ko bagiranye ibiganiro na FDLR byashimangiye ibyifuzo byayo biri mu ibaruwa yandikiye perezida wa Congo birimo gushyira intwaro hasi no gusubira mu gihugu cyabo cy’u Rwanda. Ariko ibyo biganiro bya leta  ya Congo na FDLR byakuruye impaka zimaze imyaka myinshi zitarabona igisubizo zerekeranye no guha umutekano n’ubuhungiro umurwanyi wese wa FDLR uzemera gushyira intwaro hasi ariko akagaragaza ko adashaka gusubira mu Rwanda ; ese uwo murwanyi azacyurwa ku ngufu mu Rwanda ?

Kuva aya makuru yajya hanze, Leta ya Kigali yahise itangira kuyamagana. Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Olivier Nduhungirehe, yavuze ko amasezerano ya Washington adasaba Congo kuvugana na FDLR, Kigali igakomeza gutsimbarara ku murongo wo gusaba ko uwo mutwe ugomba gusenywa kandi ukamburwa intwaro.

Aha ni ho « Veritasinfo » ibona ko iki kibazo gikomeye kandi kitagomba kwirengagizwa. «Niba FDLR yemera gushyira intwaro hasi kandi ikemera ko isenywa, abarwanyi bayo bagataha mu Rwanda, naho abashaka kudataha bakajyanwa mu bindi bihugu bitari Congo, FDLR ikaba isaba gusa ko abarwanyi bayo bahabwa icyizere cy’umutekano usesuye mu gihe bazaba batashye mu Rwanda; ese kuri iki kibazo, igisubizo Congo yaha FDLR ni ukuyitega amatwi ikibazo kigakemurwa mu mahoro, cyangwa yakwegura intwaro maze ikayirasa?»

Kuri iki kibazo, leta  ya Kigali isubizako nta biganiro bigomba kubaho na FDLR, ko ahubwo abarwanyi bayo bagomba kujyanwa mu Rwanda ku ngufu cyangwa se hagakoreshwa imbaraga za gisilikare bose bakaraswa! Ibi bikaba bigaragaza ko Kigali idashaka ko ikibazo cya FDLR kirangira kuko nta yindi mpamvu yaba ifite ituma yohereza ingabo zayo muri Congo. Ikibazo kirushaho gukomera bitewe n’uko ibice 5 kuri 6 FDLR iherereyemo muri Congo bigenzurwa n’ingabo za RDF ! None se Kigali ibona Congo yarasa ite FDLR kandi iri ku butaka bwa Congo bugenzurwa na Kigali ? Kuri iki kibazo, itohoza ry’ubwanditsi bwa « Veritasinfo » ryemeza ko Abanyarwanda barenga 80% bemeza ko ikibazo cya FDLR kizakemuka mu buryo Magayane yabihanuye!

Impungenge zo gusubizwa mu Rwanda ku ngufu ntiziri muri Uganda gusa.

Iyo umuntu akurikiranye ikibazo cy’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda ziri mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, asanga impungenge z’umutekano zitagarukira ku barwanyi ba FDLR gusa. Hari impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zimaze imyaka myinshi ziba muri Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique, Afurika y’Epfo no mu bindi bihugu, zimwe muri izo mpunzi zikaba zivuga ko zidashobora gusubira mu Rwanda kubera impungenge z’umutekano cyangwa impamvu za politiki.

Veritasinfo ifite amakuru yemeza ko muri iyi minsi hari impungenge mu mpunzi z’Abanyarwanda ziri muri Uganda, aho zimwe muri izo mpunzi zitinya ko ikibazo cy’umutekano muri Uganda gishobora kuzakoreshwa nk’impamvu yo kuzisubiza mu Rwanda ku ngufu. Veritasinfo ntiyashoboye kubona gihamya yigenga yemeza amakuru avuga ko Leta ya Kigali yaba iri gutegura imvururu muri Uganda kugira ngo zizitirirwe impunzi z’Abanyarwanda. Kubera uburemere bw’icyo kirego duhabwa n’amasoko yacu ari muri Uganda, turasaba ubuyobozi bw’iki gihugu n’izindi nzego zigenga gukurikiranira hafi aya makuru, hagafatwa ingamba hakiri kare amazi atararenga inkombe.

Mu myaka yashize, ikibazo cy’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda muri Malawi na cyo cyagiye gikurura impaka, cyane cyane mu bihe by’imvururu zabaye muri icyo gihugu, zagiye zigerekwa ku gatwe k’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda bikaziviramo guhohoterwa, kwamburwa ibyazo no gusubizwa mu nkambi ku ngufu.

Ese ni RDF iri gushimuta urubyiruko rw’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda ziri muri Mozambique?

Kuva mu mu mwaka w’2021, ingabo z’u Rwanda zoherejwe muri Mozambique gufasha icyo gihugu kurwanya inyeshyamba mu ntara ya « Cabo Delgado ». Kuba izo ngabo zihari byatumye umutekano wongera kugaruka mu duce tumwe na tumwe twari twarigaruriwe n’inyeshyamba, ndetse ibikorwa by’umushinga munini wa « gaz ya Mozambique LNG na Total Energies » bishobora kongera gukomeza.

Ariko ku ruhande rw’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda, kohereza ingabo za RDF muri Mozambique kwaziteje ibindi bibazo by’umutekano mucye. Mu iperereza Veritasinfo yakoze muri Mozambique, twabonye ubuhamya bw’impunzi zivuga ko hari Abanyarwanda bakomeje kuburirwa irengero, guterwa ubwoba cyangwa kuva mu duce bari basanzwe batuyemo bagahungira mutundi duce kubera gutotezwa.

Ibi ntibivugwa na Veritasinfo gusa. Mu myaka yashize, imiryango mpuzamahanga iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu na yo yagiye igaragaza impungenge ku mutekano w’impunzi n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda bari muri Mozambique. Ni muri urwo rwego iperereza ryacu ryakurikiranye by’umwihariko ikibazo cya Ndayishimiye Eric n’Uwase Nasilla, ubu amakuru y’aho baherereye akaba atazwi neza.

Ndayishimiye Eric na Uwase Nasilla baburiwe irengero.

Ndayishimiye Eric yavutse mu mwaka w’1989, avukira mu Karere ka Rusizi, mu cyahoze ari komini ya Kamembe. Yavuye mu Rwanda mu kwezi kwa 11/2013 ahunze itotezwa, nk’uko amakuru yatanzwe na bene wabo n’amasoko ya Veritasinfo abihamya. Icyo gihe, ndayishimiye Eric kimwe n’urubyiruko rw’Abahutu rwo mu mujyi wa Kamembe rwakoraga ubucuruzi bwambukiranya umupaka rwashinjwaga n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR ko rwambuka umupaka rukajya i Bukavu ku buryo butemewe n’amategeko kandi rukaba rukorana na FDLR n’abandi Bahutu bari mu mashyamba ya Congo.

Uwase Nasilla we yavutse mu mwaka w’2000 avukira mu Rwanda, mu Karere ka Ruhango, mu gice kizwi nk’Amayaga. Yavuye mu Rwanda mu mwaka w’2018. Amakuru Veritasinfo yahawe n’abantu ba hafi bo mu muryango we avuga ko Uwase Nasilla yahunze itotezwa ryakorewe umuryango we washishinjwaga n’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda kwanga kuyoboka FPR no kutemera gutanga imisanzu wasabwaga na FPR.

Ku buryo bw’umwihariko, amakuru twahawe n’amasoko yacu ari mu Rwanda, yemeza ko Uwase Nasilla yari yatsinze ikizamini cy’akazi cyo gukora mu bitaro bya Kinazi, ariko ako kazi akaba ataragahawe. Amasoko ya Veritasinfo avuga ko ikibazo cyavutse nyuma y’uko Uwase Nasilla yanze kurahira indahiro yo kuba umuyoboke wa FPR-Inkotanyi. Veritasinfo ntiyashoboye kubona inyandiko z’inzego za Leta cyangwa z’ibitaro bya Kinazi zemeza cyangwa ngo zivuguruze icyo kirego. Ndayishimiye Eric na Uwase Nasilla bashyingiranywe mu buhungiro mu mwaka w’2024.

Ambasade y’u Rwanda i Maputo irashyirwa mu majwi.

Ubwo bari mu buhungiro, amakuru Veritasinfo yahawe na zimwe mu mpunzi ziri Mozambique yemeza ko Ambasade y’u Rwanda muri Mozambique yashoboye kubamenya Ndayishimiye Eric n’Uwase Nasilla ikoresheje bamwe mu mu mpunzi z’Abanyarwanda ikorana na yo kandi bitwa ko bahagarariye izindi mpunzi ziri muri Mozambique.

Muri ubwo buhamya, havugwamo abakozi ba ambasade y’u Rwanda muri Mozambique aribo Madame Stella Mutesi na Bwana Jean Pierre Kamonyo, bashinjwa gucengera mu mpunzi zo muri Mozambique mu buryo bwo gushaka amakuru ku mpunzi zirwanya Leta ya Kigali amazina yazo bakayageza ku nzego z’ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda.

Uwase Nasilla yashinjwa iki?

Amakuru yahawe Veritasinfo avuga ko Ambasade y’u Rwanda muri Mozambique yashinjaga Madame Uwase Nasilla ibikorwa byo kwangisha urubyiruko rw’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda rwiga muri kaminuza ya « Universidade São Tomás de Moçambique » ibyiza bya Leta y’u Rwanda no kurushishikariza kutitabira amahuriro y’urubyiruko rw’Abanyarwanda yakoreshwaga n’Ambasade y’u Rwanda iri i Maputo.

Uwase Nasilla ngo yanze kandi kwitabira ibikorwa ambasade y’u Rwanda yakoreshaga byo gucengezamo urubyiruko rw’impunzi byo kwandika ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ubutumwa buvuguruza amakuru yatangazwaga n’impunzi ku bikorwa zishinja Leta ya FPR, birimo ubwicanyi no gushimuta impunzi. Madame Uwase Nasilla yari umwe mu bayobozi b’ihuriro ry’abanyeshuri b’impunzi biga muri iyo kaminuza, nk’uko amakuru Veritasinfo yakusanyije abivuga.

Ndayishimiye Eric na « Ngwino Ndebe ».

Ku ruhande rwa Bwana Ndayishimiye Eric, amasoko ya Veritasinfo avuga ko na we yari yarashyizweho igitutu n’abantu bafitanye isano na Ambasade y’u Rwanda i Maputo. Yashinjwaga kudatanga imisanzu kuri ambasade yakwagwa bamwe mu bacuruzi b’Abanyarwanda bari muri Mozambique kugira ngo ijye gufasha Leta y’u Rwanda, kutitabira igikorwa cya « Ngwino Ndebe » cyaberaga i Kigali ndetse no kuba yari mu ishyirahamwe ry’impunzi ryitwa « Ingoboka », ambasade yashinjaga kurwanya Leta y’u Rwanda.

Kubera iterabwoba ryamushyirwagaho, Ndayishimiye Eric yavuye i Maputo yimukira Bowani. Amakuru Veritasinfo yakusanyije avuga ko n’aho atahatinze kubera ibitero yagabwaho ajya kuba ahitwa Fumento.

Abagabaga ibitero « bavugaga Ikinyarwanda ».

Amakuru twashoboye kumenya ni uko aba bombi bashyizweho iterabwoba ryo kujyanwa mu Rwanda ku ngufu, ku buryo ngo bageze aho batanga amafaranga yo kwigura kugira ngo batagirirwa nabi. Abatangabuhamya bavuganye na Veritasinfo bavuga ko bamwe mu bantu babagabagaho ibitero bavugaga Ikinyarwanda kandi ko hari n’ababaga bambaye imyenda ya gisilikare iriho ibirango bisa n’iby’ingabo z’u Rwanda, RDF.

Veritasinfo ntiyashoboye kugenzura mu buryo bwigenga imyirondoro y’abo bantu cyangwa ngo yemeze niba koko bari abasilikare ba RDF. Kuba umuntu avuga Ikinyarwanda cyangwa yambaye imyenda iriho ibirango bya gisilikare ntibihagije ubwabyo kugira ngo hemezwe ko ari umusilikare w’u Rwanda. Ariko ubuhamya nk’ubu, iyo bishinjwa urwego nk’uru kandi hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko igisilikare cy’u Rwanda (RDF) cyagiye gikora ibikorwa nk’ibi mu bihe n’ahantu hatandukanye, bisaba ko ubuyobozi bwa Mozambique bukora iperereza ryimbitse kugirango ukuri kumenyekane kandi abakora ibyo bikorwa nahanwe.

Mozambique ifite ikibazo cyo kurinda umutekano w’impunzi.

Amasoko yacu avuga ko Ndayishimiye n’Uwase bagerageje gushaka ubufasha ku buyobozi bwa  Mozambique ariko ntibabubone. Iki kibazo gifite amateka aremereye muri Mozambique kuko hari impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zagiye zicirwa muri icyo gihugu izindi zikanyerezwa ariko ntihagire igikorwa ngo ibyo bihagarare.

Mu mwaka w’2021, Cassien Ntamuhanga, Umunyarwanda wari warasabye ubuhungiro muri Mozambique, yafashwe n’abapolisi ba Mozambique. Nyuma yaho ntabwo haramenyekana irengero rye kugeza ubu. Human Rights Watch yatangaje ko abatangabuhamya babonye umuntu wavugaga ururimi rumwe na Ntamuhanga ari kumwe n’abamufashe, ubwo iperereza riba rirangiriye aho.

Muri uwo mwaka kandi, Révocat Karemangingo, umwe mu Banyarwanda bari bazwi mu muryango w’impunzi muri Mozambique, yarasiwe i Maputo arapfa. Mu iperereza ryagutse ryakozwe nyuma, Human Rights Watch yagaragaje ko muri Mozambique hari ibibazo bikomeye ku mutekano w’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda birimo ubwicanyi, ishimutwa, kuburirwa irengero no kugerageza gushimuta izo mpunzi, ubwo iperereza riba rirarangiye !

Ibyo bikaba bituma ikibazo cya Ndayishimiye Eric na Uwase Nasilla kidakwiye kureberwa gusa nk’ikibazo kireba abantu babiri gusa, ahubwo ko kigomba kurebwa muri rusange no kuzindi mpunzi zose z’Abanyarwanda ziri muri Mozambique kugirango umutekano wazo ushobore kubungwabungwa.

Ndayishimiye Eric na Uwase Nasilla bari he?

Nyuma ya Fumento, Veritasinfo yagerageje gushakisha aho Ndayishimiye Eric na Uwase Nasilla baherereye muri iki gihe, ariko kugeza ubu twandika iyi nkuru, ntabwo turashobora kumenya aho baherereye. Hari amakuru abiri avugwa n’impunzi twaganiriye na zo. Aya mbere avuga ko bashobora kuba barashimuswe bakajyanwa mu Rwanda.

Aya kabiri avuga ko bashobora kuba barabonye uburyo bwo guhunga Mozambique bakajya mu kindi gihugu, aho bahisemo kutamenyekanisha aho bari kubera impungenge z’umutekano wabo. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo bisobanuro Veritasinfo irashobora kwemeza mu buryo bwuzuye.

Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo gisigaye ari ukumenya mubyukuri aho Ndayishimiye Eric na Uwase Nasilla baherereye. Niba baravuye muri Mozambique ku bushake, kumenya ko bakiri bazima byakuraho impungenge ku miryango yabo no ku mpunzi babanaga na zo. Niba barafashwe, inzego zabafashe zikwiye kuvuga aho bari n’impamvu bafashwe. Niba barashimuswe, hakenewe iperereza ryigenga rigaragaza ababashimuse.

Ese impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zishobora guhungirahe?

Ikibazo cya Ndayishimiye Eric n’Uwase Nasilla kigaruka ku kibazo twatangiriyeho cyo kwibaza ahazaza h’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda muri Afurika. Hari Abanyarwanda bamaze imyaka myinshi bahunga igihugu kimwe bajya mu kindi. Hari abavuye muri Congo bajya muri Malawi, Uganda, Mozambique, Afurika y’Epfo cyangwa ahandi. Hari n’abavutse nyuma ya 1994 batigeze baba mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro, ariko bakavuga ko na bo bafite impungenge zo gusubira mu Rwanda.

Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo cya FDLR kidashobora gusuzumwa gusa mu rwego rwa gisilikare. Niba abarwanyi bayo bemeye gushyira intwaro hasi, ikibazo cyabo kizaba kiragiye ? Ese bazajya he? Abemera gusubira mu Rwanda bazahabwa ikihe kizere (garantie) cy’umutekano wabo? Abatinya gusubirayo bazemererwa kujya mu bihe bihugu bizabizeza umutekano?

Abarwanyi ba FDLR bashinjwa ibyaha binyuranye harimo na génocide bazagezwa imbere y’izihe nkiko zigenga kandi bazakurikiranwa mu buhe buryo? Ni nde uzakurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa iyi gahunda yose? Ibyo bibazo birushaho kugira uburemere iyo umuntu arebye amakuru y’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zivuga ko zagiye ziterwa ubwoba, izashimuswe kimwe n’iziciwe mu buhungiro.

Aha rero ni ho abantu bahera bibaza uko bizagenda ku kibazo cya FDLR. Niba Abanyarwanda basanzwe b’impunzi bataba muri Congo, batigeze bafata intwaro ngo barwanye Inkotanyi kandi bamwe bakaba baravutse nyuma y’umwaka w’1994, bakaba bavuga ko badafite umutekano mu bihugu bahungiyemo bitewe no guhigwa na leta  ya Kigali ; abarwanyi ba FDLR bafashe intwaro bakarwanya Inkotanyi bo bazemera kujya mu Rwanda rwa Kagame mu gihe haba habonetse ikindi gihugu cyabakira?

Igisubizo cy’icyo kibazo ntikizava gusa mu magambo ya Kigali, Kinshasa cyangwa FDLR. Kizaterwa n’icyizere gifatika kizahabwa abaziyemeza gushyira intwaro hasi kibagaragariza uburyo uburenganzira bw’impunzi buzubahirizwa zigeze mu Rwanda, ubushake bw’ibihugu by’amahanga bwo kwakira abadafite umutekano wo gusubira mu Rwanda, ndetse n’ubushobozi bw’inzego mpuzamahanga bwo gukora iperereza ku birego byo gushimuta no kwica Abanyarwanda bari mu buhungiro.

Mu gihe ibyo bitarasobanuka, ikibazo cy’umutekano w’impunzi z’Abanyarwanda kizakomeza kuba kimwe mu bibazo biremereye bishobora gutuma amasezerano ya Washington adashyirwa mu bikorwa, akarere kose kagahora mu mutekano mucye.

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