Ishyaka RDI-Rwanda Rwiza ryashyize ahagaragara gahunda yo kuvugurura "ubutabera bw'urugomo no kwihorera" bwashyizweho na FPR!

ITANGAZO No. 003/RDI/26 RYO KUWA 24/07/2026 : IMYANZURO Y'INAMA YA BUREAU POLITIQUE Y'ISHYAKA RDI RWANDA RWIZA YATERANYE KUWA 12/07/2026.

Ku itariki ya 12 Nyakanga 2026 abagize inama ya biro politiki ya RDI-Rwanda Rwiza bateraniye mu nama y'igihembwe cya 3 gisanzwe cy'umwaka wa 2026. Muri iyi nama umwe mu barwanashyaka yahawe inshingano zo kuyobora komisiyo ishinzwe gucyura impunzi.

Iyo nama kandi yize ku miterere y'UBUTABERA MU RWANDA cyane cyane, bimwe mu bibazo bituruka ku miterere y'inzego z'ubutabera.

Ubutabera n'itandukanya ry'inzego z'ubutegetsi.

Republika ya mbere ikijyaho, yashyizeho gahunda yo gutandukanya ubutegetsi bw'ubutabera n'ubucamanza, ubutegetsi nyubahirizategeko n'ubutegetsi nshingategeko ndetse banashyiraho urukiko rw'ikirenga (cours suprême).

Nyuma ya coup d'état yo 1973 yashyizeho Republika ya kabiri, urukiko rw'ikirenga rwahise rukurwaho, ndetse urukiko rurinda itegekonshinga (cours constitutionnel) n'urukiko sesamanza (cours de cassation) zombi ziyoborwa n'umuntu umwe.

Kugeza muri 1994, itegeko nshinga ingingo ya 86 ryavugaga ko perezida wa repubulika ari we ushinzwe gusigasira iyubahirizwa n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ubutabera bwigenga (le président de la République est le garant de l'indépendance du pouvoir judiciaire). Ariko siko byagenze.

Muri Republika ya gatatu, ubutegetsi bw'ubutabera bugendera ku butegetsi nyubahirizategeko. Icyo perezida wa Republika cyangwa ministri runaka ndetse n'inzego zimwe ziri « informel (imiryango yigenga, itabarizwa mu nzego za Leta) zishobora kugira uruhare mu gushinja abantu, cyangwa zikarusha ijambo ubutabera.

Nta kizere ko ubutabera buzajya ku murongo igihe cyose Leta iriho igitegeka kuberako ubucamanza buzakomeza kugendera ku byifuzo by'abategetsi b'igihugu. Ibi bizahinduka nihaza ubuyobozi bushya bugatandukanya ubutegetsi bw'ubutabera, maze inama nkuru y'ubutabera ikajyaho mu buryo bwigenga hakanashyirwaho ubutegetsi nshingategeko na nyubahirizategeko byigenga.

Kutagira impuguke zemewe kandi zihagije.

Kugeza muri 1994 ndetse no kugeza mu minsi ya vuba, nta shuri ryigisha abacamanza ryabagaho. Hari ikigo cy'amahugurwa (centre de formation) cy'i Nyanza cyahuguraga aba magistrats n'abakozi ba za parquets. Amasomo bahabwaga ntabwo yarahagije ngo bagire ubumenyi bwo kuba baburanisha imanza mu rwego mpuzamahanga. Mu bacamanza 659 bari mu Rwanda, abari barize iby'amategeko (droit) ku rwego rw'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza (licence) bari 34 bonyine.

Ikindi kandi licence muri droit ntabwo ihagije. Hari ishuri ryihariye ariryo « école d'administration de magistrature » abafite licence bagomba kwigamo kugirango babe abacamanza buzuye. Mu ba procureurs bariho mbere ya 1994 abari bafite licence muri droit bari 18 bonyine.

Ku birebana n'abitwa ba auxiliaires de la justice (avocats) nta shuri ryari rihari ryo kwigamo. Ndetse nta n'urugaga rw'abavocats rwabagaho babitaga aba mandataires de la justice. Nta butabera bwa gisirikare bwabagaho. Intambara irangira muri 1994, abacamanza n'abavocat bari barishwe abandi barahunze. Nyuma yaho, abenshi mu batarahunze barishwe abandi barafungwa.

Ibibazo bituruka mu kutubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga.

Mbere ya 1994, u Rwanda rwari mu masezerano mpuzamahanga atandukanye ariko rimwe na rimwe ntahuzwe n'amategeko y'igihugu.

Urugero ni nk'amasezerano arebana no gukumira no guhana icyaha cya genocide yashyizweho umukono muri 1975, ariko wareba mu mategeko mpanabyaha (code pénal) y'u Rwanda ugasanga atarimo.

Imanza nyinshi zagiye zigaragaramo ubuswa, ndetse ba avocats bagakoresha ibisobanuro bigaraza ubumenyi bucye mu bigendana n'amategeko mpuzamahanga.

Ubutabera bw'urugomo no kwihorera bwa nyuma ya 1994.

FPR yubatse ubutabera bw'urugomo no kwihorera. Hishwe abacamanza benshi abandi barafungwa. Urugero rw'urugomo ni bamwe mu bakozi bakuru bo mu nzego z'ubutabera bagiye bakora ibikorwa byari bigamije kwigizayo abantu bose bize, ndetse n'abacuruzi bakomeye b'icyo gihe. Hari nk'abagiye hirya no hino mu gihugu bakagenda basaba abacuruzi bakomeye amafranga; bakabakangisha ko nibatayabaha bazabakorera ama dossiers abarega gukora jenoside kandi bakanabwira ko badashobora kuzabona uzabashinjura. Urundi rugero ni nk'umucuruzi wishwe azira imitungo ye. Mubaje gusaba imitungo nk'abazungura be harimo umugore wari ukomeye mu butegetsi, wavugaga ko yabyaranye umwana n'uwo mucuruzi. Icyagaragaye nuko uwo mwana wavugwaga yari yaravutse imyaka myinshi nyuma y'urupfu rw'uwo mucuruzi.

Kwivanga mu mikorere y'urukiko mpuzamahanga ku Rwanda (TPIR).

Ku busabe bwa Leta y'u Rwanda, ONU yashyizeho urukiko mpuzamahanga ku Rwanda, TPIR, hakurikijwe umwanzuro wa 955 w'inama inshinzwe umutekano ku isi (Conseil de sécurité) yo ku itariki ya 8/11/1994. Nyuma kandi Leta y'u Rwanda yaje kurwivumburaho. U Rwanda rwagiye rukoresha urwo rukiko nabi, rukazana abatangabuhamya bajyaga bivuguruza cyangwa bagatanga ubuhamya butajyanye n'aho barokokeye. U Rwanda rwaje gukoresha abemeraga ko bakoze jenoside, rukabagororera, rukahaha n'ubuhamya buhimbano bwo gutanga mu rukiko. Abarokotse jenoside bashishikarijwe kandi gushinja Abahutu bafite icyo bavanaho nk'abafite akazi keza cyangwa imitungo. U Rwanda rwageze aho rucengera (infiltration) mu rukiko mpuzamahanga TPIR. Rwashyizeho abantu bakurikirana imanza zoze. Ndetse rimwe na rimwe bagatanga ibitekerezo ku manza biyita inshuti z'ubutabera.

Aho ubutabera bwo mu Rwanda buhuriye na TPIR, nuko ibinyoma byabaga byacuzwe mu Rwanda, byakoreshwaga no mu rukiko rwa TPIR.

Hagiye haboneka amakosa ya procedures kenshi ndetse hakaba no gutera ubwoba abakoreraga urukiko.

Inkiko gacaca mu manza z'imitungo na politiki.

Ikindi kibazo cyagaragaye mu butabera ni imanza zaciwe n'inkiko gacaca. Mu muco wa kinyarwanda imanza za gacaca zakorwaga mu rwego rwo gukemura amakimbirane y'umuryango nk'arebana n'amahugu, ubutaka n'ibindi.

Muri gacaca ya gakondo, ukuri niko kwajyaga imbere kabone n'iyo umubyeyi yashoboraga gutamaza umwana we (gacaca ica umuryango).

Umushinga wa gacaca wagejejwe ku baterankunga barawushima cyane kuko bumvaga usa n'uwo muri Afrika y'Epfo wa « comité vérité et réconciliation ».

Amahanga rero yarabishimye maze iwutera inkunga. Hagombaga gucibwa imanza nyinshi zirenze ubushobozi bw'inkiko zariho, ibyo bituma gacaca igaragara nkigisubizo cyiza.

Muri Gacaca, habanje kubaho ikusanyamakuru. Hanyuma hajyaho inteko zagombaga guca imanza. Icyagaragaye nuko, iyo inteko zagenderaga ku kuri, Leta yahitaga ikoresha IBUKA mu kuzihungeta no kuzishyiraho iterabwoba. Rimwe na rimwe bajyaga biyambaza inteko zivuye ahandi iyo izo mu karere zabaga zanze gushinja ibinyoma abaregwaga. Bagahita babasimbuza inteko ivuye mu kandi karere yazaga yamaze guhabwa amabwiriza y'uko igomba guca urubanza. Hagiye hakoreshwa cyane abahutu biyemerera ko bakoze jenocide, bagasaba imbazi bakazihabwa, maze akaba ari nabo bakoreshwa mu kubeshyera abandi.

Nyuma hakurikiyeho imanza z'imitungo n'iza politiki. Urugerero rw'urubanza rw'imitungo ni urw'abaturage ba Kagondo na Kibiraro mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Izo manza zagiye zirangira abantu bahugujwe imitungo yabo.

Mu manza za politiki harimo abantu bagiye bafungwa bagakatirwa n'imanza bazira amaherere kugirango bababuze gukora politiki. Hari n'abagiye bafungwa, igihe cyo kuburana hakazanwa ibirego bishya (détournement de procédures).

Muri urwo rwego rero hari abantu benshi bakatiwe mu buryo butubahirije amategeko cyangwa se batabonye ubutabera buboneye.

Mu gusoza inama ya Bureau Politique ya RDI isanga ko kugirango abanyarwanda bazashobore kubona ubutabera by'ukuri, bakwiye gukora ikusanyamakuru, bakegeranya ubuhamya n'ibimenyetso (mapping) ku byaha byose byakozwe kugirango igihe cyose hazabonekera ubutabera bwigenga mu Rwanda hazabe hari ibimenyetso by'ukuri kandi bifatika bizifashishwa mu guha abantu bose ubutabera no kubakiza ibikomere.

Bikozwe kuwa 24/7/2026.

Marthe Ndayizigiye

Umuvugizi wa RDI-Rwanda Rwiza.