KURI HE UKURI KUZUYE KURI «JENOSIDE YABAYE MU RWANDA »?

Nk’uko byatangajwe n'akanama k'umuryango w'abibumbye gashinzwe amahoro ku isi, kemeje kandi kagahamya ko habayeho jenoside nyarwanda guhera ku itariki ya 1 Mutarama 1994 ikarangira ku itariki ya 31 ukuboza  1994,CNR-intwari yemera koko ko iyo jenoside nyarwanda yabayeho ikibasira abanyarwanda bo mu moko yose. Habaye «Jenoside y’abanyarwanda b’imbere mu Rwanda ».

Naho mu ngingo yaryo ya 14, itegeko-nshinga  ry’uRwanda ryavuguruwe n’Ubutegetsi bwa FPR inyuranyije n’icyo cyemezo ryemeza ko «Jenoside y’Abanyarwanda b’imbere mu Rwanda» yatangiye FPR-Ikotanyi itangiza intambara tariki ya 1 ukwakira 1990 ikarangira imaze amezi atandatu yarafashe ubutegetsi kungufu tariki ya 31 ukuboza 1994. Iyi jenoside yemejwe gusa na FPR ihishe byinshi.

Twabonye abicanyi dutegereje uwabatumye n’uwacuze umugambi.

Birakwiye kandi biratunganye kuvuga ko Itegeko-nshinga ry’u Rwanda rivuguruza icyemezo cyafashwe na LONI ariko naryo rigahita ryivuguruza riteza urujijo n’agahinda mu Banyarwanda bose bakeneye ukuri.  Yaba Leta y’u Rwanda iyobowe na FPR yishyize ku butegetsi ku ngufu mu Rwanda igamije kunyonga anketi zose zerekana uruhare yagize muri iyo jenoside, yaba LONI yashyizeho Urukiko mpanabyabya bya «Jenoside y’Abanyarwanda b’imbere mu Rwanda», yaba indi miryango yigenga, nta n’umwe urerekana gihamya y’uwacuze umugambi wo gukora izi jenoside zombi zivuguruzanya.

Tuzi twese abicanyi. Twese twarababonye ku mateleviziyo y’isi. Abandi twaraburokotse ku misozi aho twiboneye n’amaso yacu abicanyi barimo bakora akazi bakoreshejwe n’umuntu utigaragaza. Abandi twese tuzi neza urubozo abacu bagiye bicwamo n’abicanyi tuzi neza nyamara badashobora kwitwa no gufatwa kimwe nk’uko babikwiye : abicanyi cyangwa abajenosideri bose ni bamwe. Ni ukuvuga rero ko dutegereje anketi zigenga zigomba kwerekana uwacuze uyu mugambi zigafasha abifuza ukuri gufata kimwe abicanyi tutitaye ku bwoko baba baturukamo bwose.

Hagomba anketi yuzuye yigenga ku mpande zombi zarwanaga

Igihe cyose dutegereje iyo anketi, muri CNR-Intwari twafashe iyambere twerekana ko ubwicanyi bwabaye mu Rwanda, kuva muri 1990 kugeza muri 1994, ari «Jenoside y’Abanyarwanda b’imbere mu Rwanda».

Iyo jenoside yabaye mu buryo duhora twibutsa bukurikira:

Mu turere FPR yari itarigarurira mbere y’itariki 6 mata 1994.

Mu turere FPR yari itarigarurira habayemo, Jenoside y’Abatutsi b’imbere. Iyo Jenoside yakozwe n’Interahamwe zifatanije n’abacengezi boherejwe imbere mu Rwanda na Kagame agamije kuhateza imidugararo.

Kagame ubwe yafashe icyemezo cyo guhanura indege ya perezida Habyarimana kugira ngo apfe we n’abari bamuherekeje bose agamije guteza icyuho mu butegetsi bwafataga ibyemezo byo kurinda umutekano w’Abanyarwanda bose b’imbere.

Ni gutyo icyo cyuho yateje cyatumye Interahamwe n’abacengezi yohereje imbere mu gihugu kuzifasha babasha kwikiza abantu bose bari bibumbiye mu mashyaka anyuranye atavuga rumwe n'ubutegtsi bwariho bahise bitirirwa kuba ibyitso bifatanya n’umwanzi w’igihugu. N’ubu kandi abantu bose batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR, baba Abahutu cyangwa Abatutsi bahindurwa abanzi b'igihugu. Icyo gihe uwo mwanzi yari FPR kandi ikitirirwa abatutsi bose. Abo batutsi bose bishwe, bicanywe n’abahutu n’abatwa bari bibumbiye mu mashyaka yahataniraga ko amasezerano y’amahoro y’ARUSHA ariyo yarangiza intambara.

Bizwi neza ko FPR-Inkotanyi yo ubwayo itigeze yemera mu by’ukuri ko iyo ntambara yarangira idafashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu. Interahamwe zicaga abatutsi n’abahutu bakekwaho kutavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi zibwiraga ko iryo tsembatsemba ryazifasha guhangana na FPR-Inkotanyi nta nkomyi. Ubwo bwicanyi bwari bwateguwe na FPR-Inkotanyi yabukoresheje intangondwa z’abahutu zitsembatsemba Abatutsi hamwe n’abandi bose barwanyaga ubutegetsi bwa MRND. Uwo mutego watezwe na FPR washibukanye rero izo ntangondwa, maze bifasha FPR-Inkotanyi kugera ku mugambi wayo. Kuko yasinye amasezerano y’amahoro y’ARUSHA itemera ko ariyo yarangiza intambara, yabanje guteza akaduruvayo irica, itega amabombe ahateranira abantu, icamo ibice amashyaka yagombaga kujya muri guverinoma no gushyira mu bikorwa ayo masezerano.

Ni gutyo mbere yo kwikomereza intambara yarangiye ifashe ubutegetsi ku ngufu, yabanje kuyasinya igamije kubeshya no gukinisha Amahanga n’Abanyarwanda bose batigeze bamenya ko amasezerano y’amahoro yayifashaga kwibonera impamvu yo kwinjira ku mugaragaro mu mujyi wa Kigali, aho yari yateguriye kwica Perezida Habyarimana no gukwirakwiza ubwicanyi mu gihugu cyose icyarimwe nta nkomyi. FPR-Inkotanyi yishe Perezida Habyarimana mu gihe cy’amahoro igamije kurimbura abantu bose bari bashyigikiye inzira y’amahoro n’igihugu kigendera ku mategeko no kuri demokarasi. Kubera ko yari igamije kwimakaza ingoma y'igitugu n'iterabwoba ikora gicanshuro na kimafiya, ubwo bwicanyi mu by'ukuri bwari bushingiye kuri politiki bwayifashije kwikomereza ku mugaragaro no kurangiza umugambi wayo wa jenoside nyarwanda yateguye ifatanije n'abambari bayo kandi n’ubu ukaba ugikomeza rwihishwa mu karere kose k'Afurika y'ibiyaga bigari. Ngiyo impamvu FPR itinya anketi yuzuye yigenga kimwe n’ubucamanza bwigenga.

Mu turere FPR yari yarigaruye mbere y’itariki 6 mata 1994

Kagame yoherezaga abacengezi be kwica no kwicisha abatutsi,kumukiza abakunda amahoro, demokarasi n’igihugu kigendera ku mategeko,  hanyuma bamara kwica bagasubira inyuma bagasibangaya  ibimenyetso byose bya jenoside yakorewe mu karere yayoboraga. Impamvu zamuteraga gukora atuo umuntu yazikubira mu bice bine by’ingenzi:

1) Kuriwe, Jenoside y’abatutsi b’imbere mu Rwanda yagomba kuba byanze bikunze.

Ibyo bikamufasha kubona impamvu yo kwubura imirwano, yitwaje gutabara abatutsi no guhagarika iyo jenoside yageretse ku bahutu muri rusange, agamije kwanduza burundu izina hutu ngo kugira ngo hatazagira umuhutu wongera gutegeka u Rwanda.

2) Jenoside y’abatutsi b’imbere yamufashije kugabanya ingufu za politiki z’abatutsi b’imbere mu gihugu n’abahutu bose bari bibumbiye mu mashyaka ya opposition yaharaniraga amahoro n’ubutegetsi busaranganyije muri demokarasi n’igihugu kigendera ku mategeko.

3) Byorohereje Kagame gukoma imbarutso, abashaka intambara bamufasha gutsembatsemba abifuza amahoro asigara ahanganye n’abifuza intambara yarangije kwitegura mu gihe yakinaga ikinamico ry’imishyikirano y’amahoro.

4)Byamufashije kwikomereza Jenoside y’abahutu mu turere twose tw’u Rwanda no hanze yarwo yitwaza guhagarika jenoside y’abatutsi yateje, yakoze kandi yakoresheje yabigambiriye.

Mu turere FPR yagiye yigarurira habayemo jenoside y’abahutu yakozwe n’ingabo za APR ku itegeko rya Kagame. Impamvu zo kurimbura abahutu zibumbira mu bice bibiri by’ingenzi:

1) Kagame n’ibyegera bye bicaga abaturage kugira haboneke amasambu yo gutuzamo impunzi za kera aho kugira ngo izo mpunzi zizatuzwe mu turere tw’u Rwanda twari dusigayemo amasambu nk’uko amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha yabiteganyaga.

2)Gucamo abanyarwanda ibice bishingiye ku bwoko n'uturere kugirango amajyamberere n'ibyiza byose by'igihugu bigenerwe abatahukanye nawe bavuye mu nkambi za Uganda abandi bose babe indorerezi, kandi bigabanye ingufu za politiki z’abahutu n’abatutsi babanaga mu gihugu imbere, bafitanye ubumwe nyabwo.

Abicanyi bose bafatwe kimwe, abishwe n’abiciwe nabo bafatwe kimwe.

Muri make, Kagame n’abambari be bishe abatutsi n’abahutu bose Kagame yakekaga ko bazamutera ibibazo intambara irangiye. Ibi byerekana nta shiti ko habayeho Jenoside y’abanyarwanda b’imbere mu gihugu yakozwe n’udutsiko tw’ingabo za APR n’Interahamwe. Bityo, uko aba-génocidaires badakomoka mu bwoko bumwe gusa ni nako abishwe badakomoka mu bwoko bumwe gusa.

Byumvikane neza, ntabwo ari Jenoside ebyiri : imwe yakorewe abatutsi yakozwe na bamwe mu bahutu na Jenoside yakorewe abahutu yakozwe na bamwe mu batutsi. Ahubwo ni Jenoside imwe rukumbi y’Abanyarwanda b’imbere yateguwe na Kagame n’abambari be maze bayishyira mu bikorwa mu bihe n’ahantu bitandukanye bifashishije udutsiko tw’abicanyi bakomoka mu moko Hutu na Tutsi, amoko Kagame yabanje guteranya agambiriye kuyarwanisha.

Niyo mpamvu, hakurikijwe ihame rya mbere ko Abanyarwanda bose banganya uburenganzira bumwe, CNR-Intwari iharanira ko abicanyi bose bafatwa kimwe, abishwe n’abiciwe nabo nabo bagafatwa kimwe. Nta bicanyi beza bakwiriye kubaho no gushimwa ubutwari. Nta n’abishwe badakwiriye guhabwa agaciro ka muntu cyangwa kwibukwa. Nta biciwe basumbya abandi biciwe akababaro.

Ninayo mpamvu buri wese ushyira mu gaciro,akarenga amarangamutima n’inyungu ze ku giti ke, yagombye kwiyumvisha ko Itariki ya 6 Mata ari umunsi utazibagirana mu mateka y’u Rwanda. Kubera iki ? Niyo tariki Kagame n’abambari be babashije guca icyuho mu butegetsi bwafataga ibyemezo byo kurinda amahoro n’umutekano w’Abanyarwarwanda bose b’imbere hagamijwe gukomeza no kurangiriza mu turere twose tw’uRwanda jenoside y’abanyarwanda yatangiye mu by’ukuri tariki ya mbere ukwakira 1990.  Iyo Kagame avuga ko yahagaritse ubwicanyi, yibagirwa kongeraho ko n’ubundi ari we wari warabuteguye agamije gufata ubutegetsi ku ngufu kugira ngo ashyireho ubutabera bumubera no kwandika amateka ya Jenoside uko yishakiye.

Noël Ndanyuzwe

Komiseri ushinzwe documentation muri CNR-Intwari.

Ndlr: Kagame azaburana ryari aya magambo yavuze: