Rwanda: Ifaranga ry'u Rwanda riragenda rita agaciro ugereranyije n’idolari ry’abanyamerika .
Aloys Manzi
Nk’uko ikinyamakuru «The news times» cyo mu Rwanda cyabitangaje mu nkuru yanditswe na Kenneth Agutamba kuwa 07/09/2014, Abashoramari bashoye imari yabo mu mazu yubatswe mu mugi wa Kigali baragenda batiza umurindi izamuka ry’agaciro k’amadolari, aho abo bashoramari benshi basigaye basaba kwishyurwa ubukode (Loyer) bw’ayo mazu mu mafaranga y’amadolari cyangwa bakishyurwa mu mafaranga y’u Rwanda ariko ayo mafaranga y’u Rwanda bishyura akaba afite agaciro gahuye ni uko idolari riri kuvunjishwa ku isoko mu manyarwanda.
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Ese ko abashoramari babaye benshi mu Rwanda bizagenda gute nibaramuka bose bafashe icyemezo cy’uko bazajya bishyurwa mu madolariri ? Ese n’iki gituma i faranga ry’u Rwanda ryaba ritangiye kutagirirwa icyizere n’abashoramari bashoye imari yabo mu kubaka amazu ? Kubyibazaho bifite ishingiro n ‘ubwo ibisubizo bya nyabyo byatangwa n’inzego zibishinzwe, amazi atararenga inkombe. Abo bashoramari ni bande ? hari abashoramari b’abanyarwanda, higanjemo abafite amikoro ahagije, hakaba n’abashoramari b’abanyamahanga ; ikibazo nyamukuru umuntu yakwibaza ni ukumenya ugomba kurengera umukozi runaka ukeneye icumbi hafi y’umugi cyane ko uwo mukozi ahora ahangayitse kubera ko agaciro k’umushahara we ahembwa mu mafaranga y’u Rwanda kagenda kagabanuka buri munsi.
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Nk’uko twabisobanuye hejuru, hatagize igikorwa haba mu rwego rw’amategeko cyangwa mu rwego rwo gushakira ingufu ifaranga ry’u Rwanda urigereranyije n’idolari, haba hari abantu babifitemo inyungu. Abafite inyungu mu guta agaciro kw’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda n’abashoramari ba nyiri ariya mazu, kuko bo ntacyo batakaza iyo ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ritaye agaciro kuko bishyurwa hagendewe ku gaciro kuko idolari rihagaze cyane cyane ko niba hari abafashe inguzanyo hanze y’igihugu, bakomeza kwishyura mu ma dolari, kandi abafashe inguzanyo mu mafaranga y'u Rwanda bakahungukira. Amabanki abitse amadolari ubu arimo yunguka cyane hakurikijwe ivunja ry’amafaranga y’u Rwanda n’amadolari bitewe n’aho rihagaze ubu ku isoko ; bityo rero abafite imigabane muri ayo mabanki ntacyo bibabwiye ko ifaranga ry’u Rwanda rita agaciro kuko bo bakomeza kunguka.
Ese Banki nkuru y'igihugu cy’u Rwanda yaba yarahugiye mu mibare gusa ikibagirwa kujya gufata ibipimo mu baturage cyangwa ku masoko ? Dukurikije ibyanditswe muri The new time aho Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa banki nkuru y’igihugu yavuze ko iryo zamuka ry'ibiciro ku mazu, atari arizi ! None se niba abashinzwe gucunga agaciro k’ifaranga (inflation) n’izamuka ry’ibiciro ku masoko batazi aho ibintu bigeze, abaturage batazi uko ibiciro bigenzurwa bazatabarwa na nde? Iterambere ry'igihugu mu Rwanda, ntawe uryanze, ariko icyifuzo nyamukuru ni uko imibereho myiza y'abaturage yaba iri ku ntera imwe n’iterambere ry’igihugu.
Kubera iyo mikorere y’abo bashoramari bafite amazu ari muli Kigali, iyo mikorere iragira ingaruka zikomeye ku gaciro k’ifaranga ryo mu Rwanda ugereranyije n' idolari (Devise) ; kandi bigatuma habaho izamuka ry’ibiciro (Inflation) ku masoko cyane cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa hanze, izo ngaruka zikaba zigera no kubanyarwanda bandi basanzwe badafite aho bahuriye n’ayo mazu y’abashoramari. Aha turagira ngo twibutse ko, mu gihe ibiciro birimo bizamuka ku isoko umushahara wa buri kwezi w’abakozi ukomeza kuguma uko meze ntuzamuke ; abakodesha ayo mazu meza ari muri Kigali ntibaba bazi neza amafaranga bazishyura ku kwezi uko angana, kuko ubukode bw’ayo mazu bugendana n’ihindagurika ry’uko ikiguzi cy'amadolari ku isoko ry’i Kigali rihagaze.
Ese ko abashoramari babaye benshi mu Rwanda bizagenda gute nibaramuka bose bafashe icyemezo cy’uko bazajya bishyurwa mu madolariri ? Ese n’iki gituma i faranga ry’u Rwanda ryaba ritangiye kutagirirwa icyizere n’abashoramari bashoye imari yabo mu kubaka amazu ? Kubyibazaho bifite ishingiro n ‘ubwo ibisubizo bya nyabyo byatangwa n’inzego zibishinzwe, amazi atararenga inkombe. Abo bashoramari ni bande ? hari abashoramari b’abanyarwanda, higanjemo abafite amikoro ahagije, hakaba n’abashoramari b’abanyamahanga ; ikibazo nyamukuru umuntu yakwibaza ni ukumenya ugomba kurengera umukozi runaka ukeneye icumbi hafi y’umugi cyane ko uwo mukozi ahora ahangayitse kubera ko agaciro k’umushahara we ahembwa mu mafaranga y’u Rwanda kagenda kagabanuka buri munsi.Ese aho abakagombye kurengera abo baturage bakodesheje ayo mazu mu migi nti baba bari muri abo bashoramari (abategetsi)bubatse ayo mazu ? bazarengera izihe nyungu hagati y’izabo n’iz’abaturage ? Kuba uri umutegetsi, ukiyemeza no gushora imari mu gihugu cyawe ni byiza, gusa muri uru rugero ni nde waba ufite inyungu yo kwishyurwa mu madolari ? Ikibazo kikaba ari ukwibaza uko uwo muyobozi yabyifatamo mu gihe ama devise yaba ari make mu gihugu, ninde uzarengera agaciro k’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda, mbese aho ntazabanza kurengera inyungu ze ? Ese wa muturage utazi iyo biva n’iyo bijya azatabarwa na nde ?
Ibi bibazo ntibireba abanyamugi gusa, kuko izamuka ry'ibiciro (inflation) rituma abanyarwanda barusha ho gukena, ku mafaranga make bari basanganywe bizagera ubwo batazashobora kugura ibyo bakeneye, kubera ibiciro bizaba byazamutse. Ese abayobozi b'u Rwanda ntabwo bigeze bumva uwo mu yaga mu mifuka yabo? Ndakeka ko igisubizo ari oya, kuko iyo biba bibakomereye, baba barafashe ibyemezo bihamye, aha twakwibutsa ko ikibazo cy’ubukungu bw’isi (Credit Crunch) ibihugu byinshi bikomeye byahuye nabyo, byatangiriye ku biciro by’amazu, aho bagiye batanga inguzanyo ku bantu badafite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura amazu baguze.
Iki kibazo cyo kwishyurwa mu madolari, twizere ko atari igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bw’indwara itaramenyekana neza yaba itangiye kwiyerekana mu bukungu bw’u Rwanda kandi urukingo rwayo rukaba rutaraboneka ! Urwo rukingo niba kandi ruhari byaba ari amahire, tukaba dusaba inzego zibishinzwe kuvugutira umuti byihuse, ifaranga ry’u Rwanda rikomeze rigire ingufu cyane cyane imbere y’i devise ry idolari, kuko ariryo dukoresha cyane mu gutumiza ibyo igihugu gikeneye mu mahanga.
None se ni nde ufite inyungu mu guta agaciro kw’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda?
Nk’uko twabisobanuye hejuru, hatagize igikorwa haba mu rwego rw’amategeko cyangwa mu rwego rwo gushakira ingufu ifaranga ry’u Rwanda urigereranyije n’idolari, haba hari abantu babifitemo inyungu. Abafite inyungu mu guta agaciro kw’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda n’abashoramari ba nyiri ariya mazu, kuko bo ntacyo batakaza iyo ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ritaye agaciro kuko bishyurwa hagendewe ku gaciro kuko idolari rihagaze cyane cyane ko niba hari abafashe inguzanyo hanze y’igihugu, bakomeza kwishyura mu ma dolari, kandi abafashe inguzanyo mu mafaranga y'u Rwanda bakahungukira. Amabanki abitse amadolari ubu arimo yunguka cyane hakurikijwe ivunja ry’amafaranga y’u Rwanda n’amadolari bitewe n’aho rihagaze ubu ku isoko ; bityo rero abafite imigabane muri ayo mabanki ntacyo bibabwiye ko ifaranga ry’u Rwanda rita agaciro kuko bo bakomeza kunguka.Ariko uwatekereza gutyo ntabwo yaba areba kure, kuko ibiciro nibikomeza kuzamuka, ayo mazu yazageraho akabura abayabamo, bya bibazo by’ubukungu isi yose yahuye nabyo mu myaka ishize (Credit Crunch) bikaba bitugera amajanja. Politike y'u Rwanda ishyira imbere ibikorwa by’ishora- mari mu gihugu ariko igomba gufata ingamba zo kugira ngo iryo shoramari ritaba imbogamizi ku muturage. Aha birasaba ko twibaza ku wakagombye gukurikirana ibi bibazo by’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro.
Urwego rufite inshingano mu kugenzura izamuka ry’ibiciro, ni Banki Nationale y’u Rwanda. Ukurikije ibyanditswe ku rubuga rwayo, ndetse byanatangajwe n’ikigo gishinzwe statistique mu Rwanda, izamuka ry’ibiciro mu Rwanda riri hasi ho gato ya kabiri kw’ijana ibyo n’ ibipimo byo mu kwezi kwa karindwi muli uyu mwaka. Ukurikije imibare itangwa na Banki Natinali y’u Rwanda, izamuka ry’ibiciro ryaragabanutse cyane ugereranyije no mu gihe gishize, ariko wakwumva ibyo abaturage bavuga batakamba kubera ubukene, biragaragara ko imibare ishobora kuba inyuranyije n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi abanyarwanda babayemo.
Ese Banki nkuru y'igihugu cy’u Rwanda yaba yarahugiye mu mibare gusa ikibagirwa kujya gufata ibipimo mu baturage cyangwa ku masoko ? Dukurikije ibyanditswe muri The new time aho Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije wa banki nkuru y’igihugu yavuze ko iryo zamuka ry'ibiciro ku mazu, atari arizi ! None se niba abashinzwe gucunga agaciro k’ifaranga (inflation) n’izamuka ry’ibiciro ku masoko batazi aho ibintu bigeze, abaturage batazi uko ibiciro bigenzurwa bazatabarwa na nde? Iterambere ry'igihugu mu Rwanda, ntawe uryanze, ariko icyifuzo nyamukuru ni uko imibereho myiza y'abaturage yaba iri ku ntera imwe n’iterambere ry’igihugu.Iterambere twifuza kandi rigomba gushyigikirwa rigomba kuba ari iterambere risaranganyijwe Kandi iterambere ry’ibikorwa remezo nk’amazu meza muri Kigali nti ribe umwihariko w’abantu bamwe, kandi abenshi muri bo aribo bakagombye no kurengera wa muturage urimo utakamba kubera izamuka ry’ibiciro. Hari ibibazo by’imibereho myiza y'abaturage mu gihugu, bikeneye gufatirwa ingamba nyazo, atari ukuvuga ibyerekeranye n'iterambere gusa. Iryo terambere rirakenewe, ariko ni hatagira igikorwa ngo hafatwe ingamba zo kurebera abaturage ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa niryo terambere, n'abarivuga neza uyu munsi , ejo inzara izaba yabageze ho batangire kurivumira ku gahera.
Iri zamuka ry’ibiciro ku isoko no guta agaciro kw’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ugereranyije n’idolari twafashe ho urugero bituma umuntu yibaza ibibazo byinshi k'ubukungu bw'u Rwanda. Ese imibare itangwa kubyerekeranye n’izamuka ry'ibiciro (Inflation) mu Rwanda ni imabare ya nyayo cyangwa ni imibare basaranganyije ku turere twose two mu Rwanda? Ese iyo mibare yaba ihagaze gute mu mugi wa Kigali wonyine ? Mugosoza twasaba intumwa za rubanda zituvugira kuvugutira umuti kuburyo bwihuse abantu bakomeza gutesha ifaranga ry'u Rwanda agaciro, kandi na Guverinema y'u Rwanda igafata ingamba mu maguru mashya kugirango ubukungu bwacu butazahura n’ingorane zikomeye bukagwa hasi cyane, kandi mbere y’uko abayobozi bafata ibyemezo bikomeye bajye batekereza ku mibereho myiza y'abaturage mbere ya byose.
Aloys Manzi