"Umva birenge ni wowe ubwirwa" Raporo ya HRW iraca amarenga ku irangira ry'ubutegetsi bw'agatsiko k'abicanyi mu Rwanda no kuri M23

[Ndlr: Ambasaderi Stephen Rapp ushinzwe gukurikirana ibyaha by'intambara ku isi yaburiye abayobozi b'u Rwanda ababwira ko niba umutwe wa M23 ufashwa n'u Rwanda ugaragawe gukora ibyaha by'intambara abayobozi b'uwo mutwe bazabibazwa imbere y'inkiko kimwe n'abayobozi bakuru b'u Rwanda batera inkunga uwo mutwe, yavuze ko na Perezida Charles Taylor wayoboraga Liberia yahaniwe ibyaha byakorewe muri Sierra Léone kandi atarigeze ahakoza ikirenge bitewe n'uko yafashaga imitwe yakoraga ubwicanyi muri icyo gihugu, iyi raporo ya HRW n'imbuzi kuri Kagame na M23].

Itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara uyu munsi kuwa kabiri taliki ya 10/09/2012 n’Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu «Human Rights Watch», riragaragaza ko inyeshyamba za M23, ubu zirimo kurwanira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo, zikora ibyaha bikomeye by’intambara, ibyaha birimo kwica urubozo, ugufata abagore ku ngufu, no guhatira abantu kwinjira mu gisirikare cyazo.
 
«Human Rights Watch» ivuga ko abantu mirongo itatu na batatu bishwe, bari abagabo bakiri bato n’abasore, bageragezaga gucika izi nyeshyamba. Uyu muryango ukomeza uvuga ko bamwe mu bayobozi b’u Rwanda bashobora gukekwa ko ari bo nyirabayazana y’ibi byaha by’intambara, kubera ibikorwa bya gisirikare bikomeje guhabwa inyeshyamba za M23.
 
Ingabo z’u Rwanda zohereje bamwe muri zo mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo kugirango bajye gutera inkunga yihutirwa inyeshyamba za M23 mu bikorwa bya gisirikare. Ibi byemezwa na «Human Rights Watch» kubera ibiganiro abakozi bayo bagiranye kuva mu kwezi kwa gatanu kugeza mu kwa cyenda n’abantu bagera ku ijana na mirongo icyenda. Aba barimo abakorewe ibyaha b’abanyekongo ndetse n’abanyarwanda, abagize imiryango yabo, abatangabuhamya, abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, abarwanyi n’abahoze ari abarwanyi ba M23.
 
Uhagarariye akarere ka Afurika muri «Human Rights Watch», Anneke Van Woudenberg, yatangaje ko «inyeshyamba za M23 zirimo gukora ibyaha bishya kandi bikomeye mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo». Ati «abayobozi ba M23 bagombye gutegekwa gutanga ibisobanuro kuri ibyo byaha, naho abayobozi b’u Rwanda, bashyigikiye abahagarariye ababikora, bakaba bashyikirizwa inkiko».
 
Umutwe wa M23 ugizwe n’abasirikare bigometse ku butegetsi bwa Kongo muri mata 2012. Abasirikare bakuru bo muri uyu mutwe baranzwe no guhohotera ikiremwamuntu ku buryo ndengakamere. Muri kamena, Komiseri mukuru ushinzwe uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, Navi Pillay, yatunze urutoki batanu mu bayobozi ba M23 kuba «ari bo ba ruharwa mu guhohotera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu muri Kongo, ndetse no ku isi». Muri aba harimo général Bosco Ntaganda, watanzweho impapuro ebyiri zo kumufata n’Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha (CPI), kubera ibyaha akurikiranyweho by’intambara n’ibyibasiye inyokomuntu, byakorewe muri Ituri, na colonel Sultani Makenga, uregwa gushora abana mu gisirikare no mu mirwano itabarika yo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo.
 
Ishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwayo, «Human Rights Watch» yaritonze igenzura neza ibyerekeranye no guhatira abana kwinjira mu gisirikare, abagabo bakiri bato n’abasore bagera byibura kuri 137 mu karere ka Rutshuru, ho mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo, ibi bikaba byarabaye muri nyakanga. Abenshi muri aba bashyizwe mu gisirikare ku ngufu, bakurwaga mu mazu yabo, mu masoko, cyangwa bajya mu mirima yabo. Barindwi muri bo bari batarageza ku myaka 15 y’ubukuru.
 
Ababonye ibi bikorwa, batangarije «Human Rights Watch» ko byibura 33 mu bari bamaze kwinjizwa mu gisirikare ku ngufu, n’abandi barwanyi ba M23, bishwe nabi ubwo bageragezaga guhunga iki gikorwa cyo kubahatira kwinjira mu ngabo. Bamwe muri bo barabaziritse, bakubitirwa imbere ya bagenzi babo, na bo bari bamaze kwinjizwa mu gisirikare, kugirango bibabere isomo. Umwe mu bahatiwe kwinjira mu gisirikare yabitangarije «Human Rights Watch» muri aya magambo: « Ubwo twari kumwe na M23, batubwiye ko tugomba guhitamo, ari ukugumana na bo, cyangwa gupfa. Abenshi bagerageje gucika, abaje gufatwa, byari uguhita bicwa».
 
Kuva mu kwezi kwa gatandatu, «Human Rights Watch» yatangaje ko abarwanyi ba M23 bishe batitangiriye itama byibura abaturage cumi na batanu mu turere bagenzuraga, akenshi kubera ko aba bishwe bakekwaga amababa yo kutizera abarwanyi ba M23. Abarwanyi b’izi nyeshyamba banafashe abagore n’abakobwa 46 ku ngufu. Umuto muri aba bafashwe ku ngufu yari afite imyaka 8. Abarwanyi ba M23 banicishije amasasu umugore w’imyaka 25 wari ufite inda y’amezi atatu, kubera ko yari yarwanye inkundura kugirango adafatwa ku ngufu. Abandi bagore babiri bishwe n’ibikomere byatewe n’ifatwa ku ngufu n’ingabo za M23.
 
«Human Rights Watch» inavuga ko izi nyeshyamba za M23 zagiye zisigira ibikomere abasiviri. Nyuma gato ya saa sita z’ijoro ku wa 07 nyakanga, abarwanyi ba M23 bateye umuryango utuye mu murenge wa Chengerero. Umugore w’imyaka 32 y’amavuko yatangarije «Human Rights Watch» ko inyeshyamba icyo gihe zamennye urugi rw’inzu ye, zihondagura hafi gupfa umuhungu we w’imyaka 15, na ho umugabo we ziramushimuta. Mbere y’uko zigenda, izi nyeshyamba zamukuranyweho mu kumufata ku ngufu, zimumenaho lisansi hagati y’amaguru, zihita zitwika. Umuturanyi yahise atabara uwo mugore nyuma y’uko izo nyeshyamba zimaze kugenda. Nta wamenye irengero ry’umugabo w’uwo mugore.
 
Abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, abakuru b’imiryango, abanyamakuru, abaharanizi b’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu bahagurikiye rimwe kugirango barwanye ihohoterwa ry’ikiremwamuntu rikorwa na M23, cyangwa abandi bantu bazwi ko barwanyije na mbere izi nyeshyamba, bose bagiye bamererwa nabi n’izi nyeshyamba. Benshi muri bo bagiye baterwa ubwoba ko bazicwa, bahungira mu duce tugenzurwa na guverinoma ya Kongo.
 
Abayobozi ba M23 bahakana ko ingabo zabo cyangwa bo ubwabo, ntawigeze akora ibi byaha baregwa. Mu kiganiro na «Human Rights Watch» cyo ku wa 8 kanama, umwe muri bo, colonel Makenga, yabeshyuje ibi birego byo gushyira abantu mu gisirikare ku ngufu n’ubwicanyi bukorwa n’umutwe wa M23, yemeza ahubwo ko abaza babagana binjira mu ngabo zabo ku bushake.
 
«Dushyira mu ngabo abavandimwe bacu, ntabwo tubashyiramo ku ngufu, binjiramo kubera ko baba bashaka gufasha bakuru babo…. Ni amahitamo yabo. Ni na barumuna bacu, ntidushobora rero kubica».
 
Colonel Makenga yavuze ko aya makuru yerekeranye no gushyira abantu mu gisirikare ku ngufu, akwirakwizwa na guverinoma ya Kongo.
 
Kugirango bongere umubare w’abarwanyi ba M23, abayobozi ba gisirikare b’u Rwanda na bo bakomeje gushyira mu gisirikare ku ngufu abagabo bakiri bato n’abasore, bamwe bakaba bari batarageza ku myaka 15 y’ubukuru. Ugushyira abana mu gisirikare batarageza ku myaka 15, ni icyaha cy’intambara, kandi kinyuranyije n’amategeko u Rwanda rugenderaho.
 
Ku wa 4 kamena, «Human Rights Watch» yatangaje ko muri mata na gicurasi hagati y’abanyarwanda 200 na 300 binjijwe mu ngabo mu Rwanda, bajyanwa ku rundi ruhande rw’umupaka kurwanira ingabo za M23. Kuva icyo gihe, «Human Rights Watch» yagejejweho ibimenyetso bishya byerekanaga ko habayeho mu Rwanda ugushyirwa mu ngabo ku ngufu abantu amagana, mu mezi ya nyakanga na kanama.
 
Ishingiye ku biganiro yagiranye n’abatangabuhamya, «Human Rights Watch» igaragaza ko byibura abagabo bakiri bato bagera kuri 600 ndetse n’abasore – cyangwa barenze uyu mubare – binjijwe mu gisirikare ku ngufu mu Rwanda, cyangwa hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo butemewe n’amategeko, kugirango basange inyeshyamba za M23. Aba binjijwe mu gisirikare mu Rwanda baruta kure abinjirijwe ku ngufu na M23 muri Kongo.
 
Abanyekongo n’abanyarwanda baturiye umupaka, barimo n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze, batangarije «Human Rights Watch» ko buri gihe babonaga urujya n’uruza rw’ingabo z’u Rwanda zajyaga cyangwa ziva muri Kongo mu mezi ya kamena, nyakanga, na kanama, bishoboka ko zabaga zigiye cyangwa zivuye gutera ingabo mu bitugu ingabo za M23. Aba batangabuhamya berekanye neza ko ingabo z’u Rwanda zanyuraga kenshi hafi y’umusozi wa Njerima ho mu Rwanda, hafi y’ikirunga cya Karisimbi, kugirango bambuke umupaka.
 
Umuryango «Human Rights Watch» uvuga ko, uretse ugutera ingabo mu bitugu no gutanga ingabo mu mutwe wa M23, abayobozi bakuru b’ingabo z’u Rwanda banafashije ku buryo bugaragara izi nyeshyamba, baziha intwaro, amasasu no kuzitoza. Ibi bikorwa bikaba bishyira u Rwanda mu gice cyo gushyigikira imirwano ya M23.
 
Anneke Van Woudenberg yanavuze ko «ibyo guverinoma y’u Rwanda yakomeje kunyomoza by’uko ntaho ihuriye no gushyigikira inyeshyamba rutwisi za M23, ntaho bihuriye n’ukuri. Ati «Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kagombye gufatira ibihano abayobozi ba M23, ndetse n’abayobozi b’u Rwanda bafasha uyu mutwe, kubera ibikorwa by’urukozasoni byo guhohotera uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu».
 
Amakimbirane ashingiye ku ntambara yo mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo ahanwa n’amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera ikiremwamuntu. Ingingo ya 3 y’amasezerano ya II yemerejwe i Génève muri 1949, ibuza ubwicanyi ubwo ari bwo bwose, ugufata abagore ku ngufu, ugushyira abana mu gisirikare ku ngufu, n’ibindi byaha. Ihohoterwa rikabije, rikorwa ku bushake cyangwa ku buryo butagambiriwe, byose biri mu byaha by’intambara, bihanwa n’amategeko.
 
Abayobozi b’imitwe nk’iyi bashobora guhanwa kubera ibyaha by’intambara byakozwe n’abarwanyi babo, iyo bari babizi cyangwa barashoboraga kubimenya, iyo batababujije kubikora cyangwa ngo bahane ababikoze.
 
«Human Rights Watch» ivuga ko itsinda ry’impuguke z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryo guhagarika igurwa ry’intwaro no kugenzura ibyaha bikorerwa muri Kongo, ryatangaje ku buryo bwigenga ibimenyetso simusiga by’uko u Rwanda rufasha inyeshyamba za M23. Ibi byatangajwe ku mugereka w’amapaji 48 muri raporo yakozwe n’iri tsinda ry’impuguke za Loni, muri kamena 2012. Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yahakanye ibi birego.
 
Komite ishinzwe gutanga ibihano ya Loni yagombye guhita ishakisha uburyo yabona amakuru yisumbuyeho ku birego abayobozi ba M23 baregwa n’iby’abasirikare bakuru b’ingabo z’u Rwanda, bashyizwe mu majwi n’itsinda ry’impuguke za Loni, kugirango bafatirwe ibihano.
 
Mu kwezi kwa karindwi n’ukwa munani, ama Leta y’ibihugu bitanu bitanga imfashanyo, – Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubudage, Ubuholandi, Suwede – batangaje ko babaye bahagaritse cyangwa bigijeyo inkunga yabo ku Rwanda, kubera ibimenyetso byerekanywe n’itsinda ry’impuguke za Loni.
 
N’ubwo inkunga igisirikare cy’u Rwanda kigenera umutwe wa M23 n’ibyaha bya M23 bitakurikiranwa kimwe, minisiteri y’Ubwongereza ishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga yatangaje ku wa 4 nzeli ko igiye gutanga icya kabiri cy’inkunga yayo yari yarahagarikiye u Rwanda.
 
Ukongera gushoza imirwano hagati ya M23, ingabo za Kongo n’indi mitwe yitwaje ibirwanisho, byatumye abaturage barenga ibihumbi 220, bahunga amazu yabo, bajya gushaka ubuhungiro mu tundi turere two muri Kongo no hafi y’imipaka ya Uganda n’u Rwanda.
 
Anneke Van Woudenberg yavuze ko «abanyekongo ari bo iyi ntambara yakozeho cyane». Ati «Loni n’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango, bagombye kongera umurego mu kurengera abasiviri, naho ama Leta atanga inkunga ku Rwanda, na yo akihutira gusuzuma ibikorwa byayo kugirango arebe koko niba inkunga atanga zitagenerwa ibikorwa byo guhungabanya uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu».

 
 
Amiel Nkuliza, Sweden.