MRD irabaza perezida « Emmanuel Macron » : «Ikosa rya politiki» leta y’Ubufaransa yaba yarakoze mu Rwanda ryaba ari irihe ?

Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika,

Hari abavuze ko Ubufaransa bwaba bwarakoze icyo bise «ikosa rya politiki» ku birebana n’amateka ababaje u Rwanda rwanyuzemo. Ariko se «ikosa» rivugwa ryaba ari irihe? Ryaba se ari uko Ubufransa bwagiranye kandi bukubahiriza amasezerano y’ubufatanye na leta y’u Rwanda guhera mu myaka ya 1970? Ryaba se ari ukuberako Ubufaransa  bwagize uruhare rukomeye mu kubungabunga umutekano w’abantu n’ibintu bufasha gushinga urwego rwa Jandarumori y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda mu ntangiriro y’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana? Ryaba se, by’umwihariko, kuba barasinyanye n’u Rwanda, mu mwaka wa 1975, amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare, bikaba byaratumye batanga umuganda igihe u Rwanda rwari rutewe n’ingabo zari ziturutse mu gihugu cya Uganda mu Ukwakira 1990? Ahubwo se, iryo kosa ryaba ari uko Abafransa batabaye Abanyarwanda muri jenoside ya 1994, ubwo abandi bose bagize Umuryango w’Abibumbye bari bigize ba Ntibindeba? Mu by’ukuri se, iryo kosa ry’Abafransa ni irihe?

Muvoma iharanira Repubukika na Demokarasi (MRD – Muvoma ya Rubanda) ije gutanga umucyo kugirango ifashe gushyira ukuri ahagaragara, uko kuri kukaba ariko kuzerekana ubutwari Abafransa bagize muri icyo gihe, kandi kukaba inkingi y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge nyakuri bw’abana b’u Rwanda.

A.Ishema ry’ubwitange byakijije benshi.

Dutangiye dushimangira ko ibikorwa byose Abafransa bakoze mu Rwanda byari bishingiye ku masezerano hagati y’Ubufatanye n’u Rwanda yo mu wa 1975, ku ngoma ya Perezida Valery Giscard d’Estaing. Ayo masezerano yarimo ingingo nyinshi z’ubutwererane mu nzego z’ibanze z’ubuzima bw’igihugu, by’umwihariko mu byerekeye umutekano no mu gutoza abasirikare, gutanga inkunga y’ibikoresho, mu kwigisha abasirikare bakuru n’abasirikare bungirije n’ibindi binyuranye. Ni muri urwo rwego abiteguraga kuba abasirikare bakuru n’abungiririza babo bakiriwe mu mashuri meza na za akademi za gisirikare mu Bufransa nka «Saint-Cyr» na «Pau».

Ni gute rero Perezida « Francois Mitterrand » yaregwa kuba yarubahirije akanashyira mu bikorwa ibyo Ubufransa bwari bwariyemeje mu gufasha abaturage b’u Rwanda? Ku byerekeranye n’amahano yabaye mu Rwanda muli 1990-1994, twibutse ko icyo gihe impande zombi zihanganye mu Bufransa, rwaba uruhande rw’iburyo n’uruhande rw’ibumoso babashije gushyira hamwe no kumvikana, akaba aricyo cyatumye igikorwa cy’ubutwari cyo kohereza ingabo gutabara Abanyarwanda cyiswe « Turquoise » gishoboka kandi kigashyigikirwa n’impande zose za politiki mu Bufransa.

B.Abafransa bakijije abantu benshi cyane

Mu rugaryi 1994, mu gihe u Rwanda rwari mu miborogo y’amaraso, habayeho igihe Inama ishinzwe amahoro ku isi ya LONU yigize Ntibindeba, nta kintu na kimwe yitayeho. Mu by’ukuri mu byumweru 3 bya mbere bya Mata 1994, Inama ishinzwe amahoro ku isi ya LONU yateranye inshuro nyinshi yiga ku byaberaga mu Rwanda igendeye ku gitutu yashyirwagaho na FPR-Inkotanyi ndetse n’igitutu cya bimwe mu bihugu bikomeye byari bifite inyungu zihishe mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari bya Afrika; nta mwanzuro yigeze ifata wajyaga mu murongo wo gutabara abana b’u Rwanda bari bageramiwe.

Umunyamabanga mukuru wa LONU w’icyo gihe wakomokaga mu gihugu cya Misiri ariwe « Boutros Boutros Gali » yinginze bikomeye iyo Nama iza gufata umwanzuro ugayitse wo kugabanya ku kigero cya 75% abasirikare ba MUNUAR yari ishinzwe gufasha mu kubahiriza amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Nguko uko igice kinini cya MINUAR cyahise kigenda mu gihe ubwicanyi ndengakamere bwari bwarayogoje u Rwanda nyuma y’iyicwa rya perezida Habyarimana Juvenal mu gikorwa cy’iterabwoba cyabaye ku ya 6 Mata 1994. Ni muri icyo gihe haje icyemezo gishimishije cyumvikanyweho mu Bufransa cyo gutabara byihutirwa Abanyarwanda bari batereranywe n’isi yose. Ku kibazo cy’u Rwanda Perezida Mitterrand yaje kumvikana na Minisitiri w’intebe Edouard Balladur ndetse na minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’amahanga Alain Juppé nyamara ntibari bahuje imirongo ya politiki. 

Reka twibutse ko Operation Turquoise yari igamije gushyiraho agace katarangwamo imirwano abantu bahungiramo mu majyepfo no mu burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda. Ako gace kari kagizwe na prefegitura Kibuye, Gikongoro na Cyangugu. Abasirikare ba mbere ba operation Turquoise binjiye banyuze ku Gisenyi (mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba) bahise bihutira gukwirakwizwa mu karere kari katarageramo imirwano. Operation Turquoise yahise ijya hagati y’abari bahanganye ku rugamba mu gihe abarwanyi ba FPR bari bakurikiranye imbaga y’abaturage yahungaga ibice by’imirwano mu majyaruguru n’uburasirazuba ndetse no mu gihugu hagati.

Turebye ubwicanyi bwari bwarakozwe mu bihe bishize n’ingabo za FPR aho zanyuraga hose zigana Kigali, ntawashidikanya ko FPR iba yaratsembye imbaga ngari mu gice cy’amajyepfo n’uburengerazuba kugirango ibuze abahutu guhungira muri Zaire (ariyo RDCongo y’ubu). Muri imwe mu mbwirwaruhame yamamaye ariko ibabaje cyane kandi iteye agahinda umukuru w’igihigu Paul Kagame yababajwe n’uko atabonye uko abamariramo umujinya wose ngo amarire ku icumu abahungaga bose bagana mu bihugu bikikije u Rwanda cyane cyane Zaire. Twibaze amahano yari kuba iyo Abafransa batahagoboka ngo abantu babone ihumure bakomeze urugendo bagana iy’ubuhungiro. 

Ubufransa bwagombye guterwa ishema na operation Turquoise yabashije kwitambika hagati kandi ikabigeraho, maze ikabasha gukiza ubuzima bwa benshi. Twakwibutsa ko mu rugaryi 1995 ingabo za Paul Kagame zishe urubozo abaturage batagira kirengera bari mu nkambi y’abavanywe mu byabo i Kibeho mbere y’uko bakora andi mahano muri Kanama, ahitwa mu Buvumo bwa Kanama. Ayo mahano ubwayo yasobanura icyemezo guverinoma ya Mitterrand yafashe cyo kuza gutabara abanyarwanda.

Dushimangire ko operation Turquoise yabashije gutegura no gushyira umutekano mu gice kinini cya Nyarushishi aho abatutsi benshi babashije guhungira kandi bagakiza ubuzima bwabo. Ibi bikaba byaraturutse ku kwiyemeza, ubunararibonye n’ukwigomwa kw’abasirikare b’abafransa. Iyo Ubufransa buza kugira umutima w’urwango no kwihorera ku banyarwanda nyuma ya jenoside, ntibaba barakomeje amasezerano y’ubutwererane n’ubutegetsi bushya bw’igihugu cy’u Rwanda. Twibutse kandi ko inzego nyinshi zikomeye z’ubuzima bw’igihugu nk’uburezi, ubuvuzi, amajyambere y’icyaro byabashije kuzahurwa n’imfashanyo yUbufransa. 

C.Ukwihimura kurengeje urugero

N’ubwo Ubufransa bwakomeje gufasha u Rwanda, twibutse ko Komisiyo bise iya Mucyo yagiyeho mu 1999 ngo ikore iperereza ku ruhare rw’Ubufransa muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Gusa akazi k’iyi Komisiyo Mucyo katangiriye ku byiyumviro birimo amakosa kuko imirongo migari yashingiyeho itari ihuye n’ukuri. By’umwihariko, mu manama ya mbere ya Komisiyo Mucyo byagaragaraga ko hari amabwiriza n’umurongo abayigize bari barahawe n’ubutegetsi bwa Kigali kugirango imyanzurp izasohoke yemeza uruhare rw’Ubufransa muri jenoside. Nta gisobanuro na kimwe cyagombaga kwemerwa kirengera uko gutabara kw’Abafransa mu Rwanda mu gihe FPR yo yategekaga ko ingabo zose za LONU ziva mu Rwanda.

Raporo ya Mucyo yabaye nk’igitutsi ku Bufransa nyamara bwari bwarohereje impuguke kuva muri 1998 gukora amaperereza mu rwego rwa komisiyo Quiles, iryo perereza rikaba  ryerekana ko Ubufransa nta kosa na rimwe bwakoze bujya gutabara mu Rwanda. 

Muri uko kwihimura, twibutse ugucana umubano mu by’ububanyi n’amahanga bikozwe na guverinoma y’u Rwanda mu Ugushyingo 2006 nyuma y’uko umucamanza w’inzobere mu byo kurwanya iterabwoba Jean Louis Bruguière yashyize hanze raporo y’ibanze ku gikorwa cy’iterabwoba cyabaye ku wa 6 Mata 1994 mu Rwanda cyahitanye ubuzima bw’abakuru b’ibihugu 2 Habyarimana Juvenal w’u Rwanda na Cyprien Ntaryamira w’u Burundi. Iyo raporo yashyiraga mu majwi ibyegera bya Perezida Kagame. Twibutse kandi ko uko gucana umubano mu by’ububanyi n’amahanga byakurikiwe no guca ururimi rw’igifransa mu Rwanda  ndetse no gufunga inzu ndangamuco y’Abafransa yaje no gusenywa.

D.Ingaruka y’uwo mubano nyirarureshwa

Ni izihe nyungu Ubufransa bw’ishema n’isheja buteze gukura mu kwifatanya n’umunyagitugu Kagame? Mu by’ukuri, ubutegetsi bwa Kagame buyoboye u Rwanda bushingiye ku nkingi 3 ari zo: Ikinyoma, amacakubiri n’iterabwoba.

Tubyerekeje kuri Kagame, kumwita “umubeshyi” ni ukubura irindi jambo rikwiye. Uyu mugabo ahora aririmba ko yahagaritse jenoside nyamara ariwe wayitangije kandi akanayitiza umurindi kugirango abashe gufata u Rwanda bimworoheye. Abeshya ko yazamuye ubukungu bw’u Rwanda nyamara hagaragara icyuho gikomeye hagati y’umujyi wa Kigali n’ibindi bice by’igihugu byo mu cyaro.

Mu macakubiri, Kagame niwe nta gushidikanya wateje icyo twakwita Tsunami mu bantu, ateza intambara mu bihugu byinshi avugako arengera ubwoko bw’Abatutsi. Yateze umutego umuryango nyarwanda ashyiraho “icyaha cy’inkomoko” ku bwoko bw’Abahutu.

Iyo tuvuze ko uyu mugabo ari umuterabwoba tuba twibutsa mbere na mbere igikorwa cy’iterabwoba cyakozwe ku itegeko rye ku wa 6 Mata 1994 ahanura indege yari itwaye abakuru b’ibihugu 2: Habyarimana Juvenal w’u Rwanda na Cyprien Ntaryamira w’u Burundi, igikorwa cyemezwa na bose nk’imbarutso ya jenoside mu Rwanda. 

Kuri ubu impuguke zose zemeza miliyoni 15 z’abapfuye muri RDCongo uhereye ku gitero cya mbere ingabo za Paul Kagame zagabye muri RDCongo mu 1996. Mu Rwanda abaturage ntibahwemye guhotorwa, kuburirwa irengero, kwicwa urubozo mu minyururu no mu yandi mazu y’ibanga bakicwa ntawe urabutswe, hari n’amakuru avugako ababurirwa muri ya mazu y’ibanga bakurwamo ingingo zikagurishwa. 

Raporo zose z’imiryango yiyubashye zihuriza ko ubutegetsi bwa Kagame bukoresha kwica nk’intwaro y’ubutegetsi bwe. Duhereye kubyo tumaze kuvuga, ni gute, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika, Ubufransa bwahitamo u Rwanda rwa Paul Kagame mu kurengera ururimi rwanyu, umuco wanyu ndetse n’inyungu zanyu muri Afrika, dore ko Kagame we iyo aje no mu manama agombera umusemuzi kuko amagambo y’igifransa azi abariye ku ntoki?

Mu by’ukuri, ihitamo ry’Ubufransa kuri Kagame, umwicanyi ruharwa mu bakuru b’ibihugu bariho muri iki gihe, nta kindi kizima ribagezaho uretse kumwongerera imbaraga muri ibyo bikorwa bya kinyamaswa. Ubwicanyi buri kuvugwa muri RCA no muri Mozambique burahamya ibi turi kwerekana.

Ikindi kandi itapi itukura yaramburiwe Kagame i Paris yamaze gutuma abanyafrika benshi bishyiramo igihugu cy’Ubufransa.

Duhereye rero kuri ibi tuvuze byose, MRD- Muvoma ya Rubanda yabasabaga ko mwakwita kuri ibi bikurikira:

1.Gutega amatwi abayoboye aperation Turquoise kugirango mugarurire ishema ingabo z’Abafransa, aho gushyigikira abiyemeje kugoreka amateka barimo kujyana Ubufransa mu nkiko. Mu kuri kose, operation Turquoise yakoze ubutumwa bwayo mu bunyamwuga, ubunyangamugayo n’ubwitange, n’ubwo FPR yabananije ndetse umuryango mpuzamahanga ukabatererana. Ntibyababujije gukiza imbaga y’abantu bayishimira byimazeyo.

2.Guhumuriza abaturage ba RDCongo bashoweho intambara n’igihugu cy’u Rwanda bityo bagasubira kugarukira OIF. Kwamagana ku mugaragaro u Rwanda rwa Kagame no kumusabira ibihano bikwiye ku bwicanyi ndengakamere bwakorewe muri RDCongo.

Bikorewe i Washington DC, none 28 Ukwakira 2024

Mme Chrstine Coleman

Umuyobozi wa MRD