Ubwo Inkotanyi zateraga u Rwanda mu 1990 Rubanda yazamaganiye kure, aho ntiyari ifite ukuri? (leprophete.fr)

Imyaka ibaye 22 u Rwanda rushowe mu kaga k’intambara isesa amaraso yazanywe n’agatsiko k’abatutsi b’abasajya. Aka gatsiko kateye u Rwanda gaturutse mu gihugu cy’igituranyi cya Uganda. Abagize aka gatsiko bakaba baraje bibumbiye mu cyiswe umuryango wa RPF-Inkotanyi, bavugaga ko ari impunzi z’abatutsi zari mu buhungiro mu gihugu cya Uganda. Nyamara byaje kugaragara ko ahubwo mu bateye harimo n’abanyamahanga bafashaga ako gatsiko ku rugamba. Kuva katera u Rwanda tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, aka gatsiko karanzwe no gukorera abanyarwanda ibikorwa by’ubugome by’umwihariko abo mu bwoko bw’abahutu. Aho kanyuraga hose karicaga, kafataga abago n’abana b’abakobwa ku ngufu, karasahuraga, katwikaga amazu ndetse rimwe na rimwe kagasiga gateze ibisasu ku nzugi no mu mazu y’abaturage, bahunguka bikabaturikana, bagapfa abandi bakaba ibimuga.

N’ubwo aka Gatsiko kaje kiyita Inkotanyi, mu by’ukuri ntaho gataniye n’Inyenzi zakunze kurwanya ubutegetsi bwa Repuburika ya mbere zishaka kugarura ingoma ya gihake na cyami kuko bamwe mu bari bakagize bahoze mu ngabo z’Inyenzi. Muri make ni inyito y’izina yahindutse. Mwibuke ko Inyenzi ari bamwe mu bagaragu bakuru b’ibwami n’abari babashyigikiye batifuzaga Demukarasi no gusangira ubutegetsi hagati y’Umuhutu n’Umututsi. Ibi bikaba ari byo byabaye intandaro ya Revolisiyo yo mu 1959, ari na yo yatumye bahunga.

Kubera kutabona itandukaniro riri hagati y’Inkotanyi, Inyenzi n’abagaragu bakuru b’i bwami; kubera kandi isano riri hagati ya RPF, INYENZI na RUNAR byatumye rubanda yamaganira kure ibitero by’inkotanyi, abanyarwanda biyemeza kuzirwanya kuko bumvaga ko zigaruye akarengane kahozeho mbere y’ubwigenge. Ese ako karengane kari gateye gate?

Itsikamirwa, ingoyi, uburetwa n’akarengane

Nyuma yo kugera mu Rwanda mu 1916, ubutegetsi bw’ababiligi bwihatiye imigambi yo kuzamura u Rwanda bubifashijwemo n’ubutegetsi bw’abatutsi bwariho ! Muri iyo migambi harimo gukora  imihanda no kurwanya inzara bahingisha amashiku. Kubera ko nta mafaranga ababiligi bigeze bagenera iyo mirimo, ibyo byose byakorwaga ku gahato, utabyemeye agakubitwa ibiboko Umunani. Kuko byagombaga kuba nibura umunani. Muri icyo gihe Ababiligi bahingishije imyumbati, ibirayi, baca imiringoti yo kurwanya isuri bahingisha amashiku. Ibi ni byo bitaga akazi. Kugira ngo umushefu, umusushefu cyangwa umumotsi abone amanota meza mu bazungu, yagombaga kwerekana imiringoti n’amashiku bitubutse, naho ubundi yaranyagwaga.

Kugira ngo ibyo abazungu bashaka bigerweho, rubanda rugufi rugizwe cyane cyane n’abahutu rwakoreshwaga nk’inyamaswa, inkoni ivuga umunsi n’ijoro. Mbere y’itariki ya 17 Ugushyingo 1944, abashefu n’abasushefu nta mushahara bagiraga. Kugira ngo bashobore kubaho nk’abategetsi, buri muhutu yagombaga gukorera abategetsi n’abatutsi  uburetwa buhwanye n’iminsi 107 buri mwaka. Kubera ko nta genzura ryabagaho, iyo minsi yararengaga. Usibye ubwo buretwa, abantu bagombaga gushyikiriza abatware babo amaturo y’ubwoko bwinshi nk’ikoro n’umusoro w’abazungu wari uhwanye n’akazi k’iminsi 30 mu mwaka.

Kuri ako karengane, hiyongeragaho umuruho waturukaga ku buhake bwari bushingiye ku nka. N’ubwo ubuhake bugitangira bwari ubwumvikane, nyuma ubuhake bwaje gusa nk’aho buhindutse itegeko kugeza n’aho abantu basigara bavuga ko buri muhutu wese ari umugaragu, ko agomba kugira shebuja umuhatse w’umututsi. Ibi byose byajyanaga no kunyaga inka z’abahutu, kubirukana mu masambu yabo kandi nta rundi rwego bagira rubarenganura.

Kubera iri tsikamirwa n’uburetwa bigeretseho ibura ry’imvura byateje inzara ya Ruzagayura (1942-1945) yahitanye abantu bagera ku bihumbi 300.000. Ubundi kandi byatumye amoko yo mu Rwanda azirana kuko abahutu bibwiraga ko abatutsi ari bo babatera ibyago byose bibagwirira. Ibi byatumye abahutu bifuza kubanza kwibohoza ku ngoyi ya gihake mbere y’iya gikoronize.

Ivanguramoko mu butegetsi no mu mashuri 

Abakoroni b’ababiligi bamaze kugera mu Rwanda bafatanyije n’ingoma ya cyami yari iriho kwimakaza ivanguramoko mu butegetsi no mu mashuri. Uwitabwagaho ni umututsi naho umuhutu yari nk'ikivume mu gihugu cye. Kuva ku mwami, abatware, abashefu, abasushefu n’abamotsi bose bari abatutsi gusa. Urugero: Mu mwaka w’1959, abashefu b’abatutsi bari 43 kuri 45. Naho abasushefu b’abatutsi bari 549 kuri 559. Ziriya sheferi ebyiri zisigara ntizayoborwaga n’abahutu ahubwo nta bashefu zagiraga !

Ubwo kandi n’amashuri yateguraga abo bategetsi ni ko yari yihariwe n’abatutsi kuko harimo ivangura rikomeye. Abahutu bashoboye kwinjira mu mashuri bari bake cyane; ahanini ni abigaga mu Iseminari no mu ishuri ry’abarimu i Zaza. Abo bake na bo barangizaga mu Iseminari nta kazi ka Leta babonaga, keretse bake cyane bajyaga mu bwarimu muri za misiyoni cyangwa mu bukarani bitaga Commis.

Dore uko komisiyo umwami Rudahigwa yari yashyizeho mu 1958 ishinzwe kwiga icyo kibazo ibigaragaza:

*Ku banyeshuri 44.196 bo mu mashuri abanza 68% bari abahutu, 31,7% ari abatutsi naho 0,01% ari abatwa.

*Mu mashuri yisumbuye, ku banyeshuri 2.856, muri bo 39,2% bari abahutu,60,8% bari abatutsi, nta mutwa n’umwe wari mu mashuri yisumbuye.

Biragaragara rero ko n’ubwo muri icyo gihe ibintu byari bitangiye guhinduka, ubwikanyize bw’abatutsi mu mashuri bwari bukabije kuko batageraga no kuri 20%by’abaturarwanda nyamara bakiharira 60% by’imyanya mu mashuri yisumbuye.

Umwanzuro

Nyuma y’aho AGATSIKO gafatiye ubutegetsi, usanga mu Rwanda harongeye kwaduka ibikorwa by’ubugome n’urugomo birimo ubwicanyi, gufungirwa ubusa, kurandura imyaka ya rubanda, gusenya amazu y’abaturage, kwima abanyeshuri amafaranga ya buruse uretse abarihirwa na FARG, ubusumbane mu mishahara, urudaca rw’imisoro n’imisanzu, ivangura mu kazi no mu butegetsi no mu buyobozi bw’ingabo, imihigo yo gupyinagaza rubanda n’ibindi. Ese ubutegetsi bw’Agatsiko k’abasajya gakuriwe na  Paul Kagame butaniyehe n’ubw’ingoma ya cyami, gihake na gikoronize? Aho Rubanda yabamaganiye kure ubwo bateraga u Rwanda tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 ntiyari ifite ukuri?

Mahoro Pacis

i Kigali