Kwibuka:Intambara yabyaye génocide mu Rwanda yateguwe n'igihugu cy'Amerika (USA)!!

 Kuki FPR yagabye ibitero mu Rwanda umuryango w'abibumbye ukicecekera mu gihe izindi nyeshyamba zikora nkayo zifatirwa ibihano n'uwo mu ryango? FPR yakuraga he imbunda n'amasasu ? Kuki ingabo za kera z'u Rwanda zatsinzwe urugamba ? Kuki Paul Kagame yakomye imbarutso ya génocide mu Rwanda ubwo yahanuraga indege yarimo abakuru b'ibihugu 2, ubwabyo icyo gikorwa akaba ari iterabwoba ariko kugeza ubu umuryango w'abibumbye ukaba waricecekeye kandi ufite inshingano zo gukurikirana abantu bakora ibikorwa by'iterabwoba? Kuki Kagame Paul yishe impunzi z'abahutu n'abakongomani kandi akabyigamba , ONU igakorera ubwo bwicanyi raporo zihamya ko ubwo bwicanyi bwakwitwa génocide bugeze imbere y'inkiko ariko uwo muryango ukaba wica amatwi? Ibisubizo by'ibi bibazo murabikura muri iyi nyandiko;iyi nyandiko yakuwe mu gika cya 7 cy’igice cya kabili cy’igitabo cyitwa “Economic Genocide in Rwanda”  (Itsembabwoko mu Rwanda rishingiye ku bukungu) cyanditswe na Professor Michell Chossudovsky.

 

Iyi nyandiko ikaba ishingiye ku byavuye mubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’umwanditsi wa kiriya gitabo cyavuzwe haruguru, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’umubiligi witwa Pierre Galand ufite ubumenyi mu by’ubukungu. Aba bagabo bakaba barakoze ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje uburyo umwenda wo hanze wahawe Rwanda muri 1990/94 wakoreshejwe mu bikorwa bya gisirikari n’ibikorwa bigishamikiyeho. Intambara n’ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko byabaye mu Rwanda ni ibintu byari byarizwe neza muri politike y’ububanyi n’amahanga yigihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika kugirango icyo gihugu kigere ku migambi yacyo ijyanye n’ubukungu.

 

Intambara yo mu Rwanda yatangiye taliki ya 1/10/1990 itangijwe na FPR-Inkotanyi yari imwe muri gahunda y’ibanga (hidden agenda) y’igihugu cya leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Igihugu cya leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika (USA) cyari kigamije kwigarurira ibihugu byo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari by’Afurika (Congo-Rwanda-Burundi); ubusanzwe ibihugu bigize ako karere bikaba mu mateka yabyo byaravugaga ururimi rw’igifaransa, ibyo bihugu bikaba byarakolonijwe n’igihugu cy’ububiligi, bikagenzurwa n’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa. Icyo Amerika yari igamije cyangwa se icyo igamije ni ukwirukana ubufaransa muri ako karere. Kugira ngo uwo mugambi wacyo kiwugereho, igihugu cya leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika kiyemeje byimazeyo gufasha intambara umuryango wa FPR-Inkotanyi, no guha intwaro n’ibindi bikoreho ingabo zawo (RPA).

 

Guhera hagati y’imyaka y’1980, Igihugu cya leta Zunze ubumwe z’Amerika cyafataga ho urugero rwa demokarasi muri Afurika leta y’igihugu cya Uganda kiyobowe na Prezida Yoweri Museveni. Uganda ikaba ariyo yanyuzwagaho imfashanyo zahabwaga imitwe yabarwanyi yo muri Sudani, u Rwanda ndetse na Congo. Generali Major Paul Kagame akaba yari umukuru w’ishami ry’iperereza rya gisirikali (head of military intelligence) mu ngabo za Uganda; akaba yarigishijwe ibya gisirikari mw’ishuri ryo muri Amerika (U.S. Army Command and Staff College (CGSC)) ry’ahitwa Leavenworth muri leta ya Kansas. Iri shuri rikaba ryibanda ku myigishirize y’intambara n’amayeri ya gisirikari (military strategy);  akirangiza kuhiga, Kagame yaje kuyobora igisirikari cya FPR, igihe imirwano yarimaze igihe gito itangiye mu ukwezi k’ Ukwakira 1990.

 

Mbere y’uko inkotanyi zitangiza intambara  y’ukwakira 1990, ingabo za FPR zari mu ngabo z’igihugu cya Uganda. Uko iminsi yagiye ihita nyuma gato intambara itangiye, niko umubare munini w’abasirikari bagendaga bava mu ngabo z’igisirikari cya Uganda zinjira mu nyeshyamba za FPR, akaba ari nako byagiye bigenda mu gihe cyose FPR yamaze irwana. FPR yagiye ihabwa abasirikari n’ibikoresho bya gisirikari na UPDF(United People’s Defense Forces) ya Uganda. Amapeti bahawe bari mu gisirikari cya UPDF ninayo binjiranye mugisirikari cya RPF; mu gihe bagabaga ibitero ku Rwanda basobanuriraga amahanga ko intambara batangije ari iyo kubohora abatutsi.

 

Ingufu z’igisirikari cya Uganda

 

(Photo: iyi ni orgue de staline nimwe mu ntwaro inkotanyi zazanye bwa mbere mu Rwanda ziyikuye mu ngabo za Uganda).

Guha ingufu igisirikari cya uganda yabaye imwe mu migambi ya politike y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika. Imiterere y’igisirikari cya UPDF ihuye n’imiterere y’igisirikari cya RPF, kuko byose byigishijwe kandi bikanahabwa ibikoresho n’ingabo z’Amerika n’Ubwongereza. Ubwongereza bwatanze inyigisho za gisirikari mu kigo cy’ahitwa Jinja. Kuva 1989, Amerika yagiye ifashiriza hamwe igisirikari cya Uganda n’icya RPF-Inkotanyi mu gutera u Rwanda nk’uko raporo 56 z’ubuyobozi bw’ishami rishinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga muri leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zo mu mwaka w’1991 zibyerekana. 

 

Uko umubano w’Amerika n’ubwongereza hamwe n’igihugu cya Uganda na RPF wagenda ukomera ninako umubano hagati y’u Rwanda na Uganda wagendaga uzamba. Ubwo FPR yiteguraga kugaba ibitero ku Rwanda mu kwezi kwa munani 1990 yijejwe inkunga  kandi ihabwa uburenganzira bwo gutangira intambara ku Rwanda n’urwego rw’iperereza rw’igihugu cy’ubwongereza. Ingabo za RPA n’iza Uganda (UPDF) zarwanaga no kuruhande rwa  John Garang (People’s Liberation Army) warwaniraga ukwigenga kw’amajyepfo ya Sudan mu rwego rwo kwitoza intambara y’inyeshyamba muri gahunda yo kuzagaba ibitero ku Rwanda nk’uko babikoze.

 

Igihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika cyari inyuma y’ umugambi witera rya RPF, kuko  Inkotanyi zabifashwagamo n’urwego rw’iperereza rwa leta z’unze ubumwe za Amerika CIA. Byongeye kandi, mu rwego rw’umugambi wo guhangana n’ibiza muri Afrika (Africa Crisis Reaction Initiative (ACRI)), abofisiye ba Uganda bagiye bigishwa n’ingabo zidasanzwe za Amerika (US Special Forces) mu bwumvikane n’ishyirahamwe rishinzwe gufasha abacancuro bakorana n’igihugu cya Amerika ryibumbiye mucyitwa MPRI (Military Professional Ressources Inc) gifitanye amasezerano (contract) n’urwego rw’ubuyobozi rwa leta y’Amerika(US Department of State).  Iyi MPRI kandi niyo yafashije ingabo zarwaniraga kwibohora kwa Kosovo (Kosovo Liberation army KLA)), ndetse n’iza Croatie (Croatia Armed Forces) zarwanaga intamabara mu cyahoze cyitwa Yougoslaviya, ndetse na vuba aha bakaba baragize uruhare mu mugambi w’icyiswe gahunda yo gutunganya Colombia(Context of Plan of Colombia), akaba aribo bagiye bafasha ingabo za Colombia.

 

Uko umwenda w’amahanga wahawe igihugu cya Uganda wakoreshejwe mu guhungabanya umutekano mu karere.

 

                                 Zimwe mu ntwaro inkotanyi zahawe n'ingabo z'igihugu cya Uganda

 

Ku butegetsi bwa Prezida Museveni igihugu cya Uganda, cyagiye gihabwa inguzanyo hakurikijwe uko intambara zo mu Rwanda n’izo muri Republika iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo zateguwe nuko zagiye zikurikirana. Museveni agifata ubutegetsi mu mwaka w’1986, amadeni yo hanze Uganda yari ifite yanganaga na miliyari 1.3 by’amadorali. Muri 1997, iri deni ry’ibihugu byo hanze ryikubye inshuro eshatu, ku buryo muri 1997 ryari rihagaze kuri miliyari 3.7, kandi mbere Uganda itari ifite ideni rya Banki y’isi(World Bank), muri gahunda yo kuzahura ubukungu(economic recovery program) bwayo.

 

Ariko mu mwaka w’1997, igihugu cya Uganda cyari kimaze kugeramo hafi miliyari 2 zose z’ideni rya banki y’isi. Aya mafaranga yose yagiye he?  Ideni ryahawe guverinoma ya Museveni ryari iryo gufasha mu kubaka ubukungu n’imibereho myiza muri icyo gihugu. Ariko ku mpamvu zo gukomeza intambara mu karere, ikigega mpuzamahanga cy’ubukungu(IMF) cyagiye igiha imfashanyo yitwa ko ariyo gufasha muri programu yo gutuma ubukungu bw’igihugu cya Uganda butagwa (economic stabilization program), bityo ku ngengo y’imari igenewe gahunda (programme) zisanzwe, igice kini cyayo igihugu cya Uganda cyayikoresheje mu bikorwa bijyanye n’intambara.

 

Ibihugu byagiye biha umwenda igihugu cya Uganda, biwunyujije muri Banki y’isi (World bank). Iyi banki niyo yagiye ikurikirana uko leta ya Uganda yagiye ikoresha uwo mwenda yahawe unyujijwe mu ngengo y’imari y’icyo gihugu. Mu mbonerahamwe y’ibintu leta yagombaga gukenera (Public Expenditure Review), leta ya Uganda yagombaga kwerekana ku buryo busobanutse  imikoreshereze y’ayo mafaranga muri buri shami ry’ingengo y’imari yayo. Mu yandi magambo, Uganda yagombaga kwereka banki y’isi uko amafaranga yakoreshejwe ndetse harimo n’ayagombaga gukoreshwa na ministeri y’ingabo.

 

 

Nubwo hari ingamba (austerity measures) igihugu cya Uganda cyari cyarahawe yo kwizirika umukanda mu ikoreshwa ry’amafaranga mukugura ibyo abaturage bakenera bya buri munsi, abatanze inguzanyo (donors), bemeremeye Uganda kongera ingengo y’imari ya ministeri y’ingabo kandi icyo gihugu kikagura ibyo iyo ministeri izakenera byose nta nzitizi. Igice cy’ingengo y’imari cyari kigenewe gukoreshwa muri gahunda za gisivili, cyashyizwe mu ngengo y’imari y’igisirikari cya Uganda UPDF, icyo gice cy’ingengo y’imari cyari kigenewe izindi ministeri cyashyizwe muri ministeri y’ingabo kugira ngo ayo mafaranga akoreshwe mu ntambara yo mu Rwanda na Congo.

 

Uganda yakoresheje ideni ryo hanze ikingiwe ikibaba n’igihugu cya leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika n’ibindi bihugu biri kumwe mu bikorwa bya gisirikari byaberaga mu karere.  Mu kugabanya ingengo y’imari mu bikorwa byo guteza abaturage imbere no kubasaba kwizirika umukanda(curbing social expenditures),  byatumye haboneka amafaranga menshi yashyizwe mu bikorwa bya igisirikari cya Uganda.

 

Uko abaterankunga bemereraga igihugu cya Uganda gushora amafaranga menshi y’ingengo y’imari mu bikorwa bya gisirikari, ninako abo baterankunga bahaga u Rwanda (leta yariho icyo gihe) umwenda rwashorwaga mu gisirikari ariko u Rwanda rugahabwa amafaranga make ugereranyije n’ayahabwaga Uganda kandi byitwa ko igihugu cya Uganda cyo kitari mu ntambara, ahubwo Uganda ikayashora mu bikorwa bya gisirikari bya FPR. Banki y’isi yateraga inkunga ibihugu byombi kugirango ijijishe kandi ihishe uruhare rwayo mugushyigikira FPR-Inkotanyi, ibinyujije kuri Uganda.

 

Mu bikoresho bya gisirikari Leta ya Habyarimana yarifite, harimo imbunda za mm 83 zakorewe mu Bufransa,  Ububiligi, ubudage, imbunda za karashinikovu zakorewe mu Misiri, Ubushinwa n’Afrika y’epfo, n’ahandi. Inkunga nini ya gisirikari yatangwaga n’igihugu cy’Ubufransa ku Rwanda, naho umwenda werekeranye n’ibikorwa by’amajyambere, Banki y’isi yose yayinyuzaga kuri IDA(International Development Association (IDA), ikigega cy’Afrika gishinzwe amajyambere AFD (African Development Fund), ikigega cy’Uburayi gishinzwe amajyambere EDF(European Development Fund), igihugu cy’Ubudage, USA, Ububiligi na Canada, imwe muri iyo myenda yatangwaga nibyo bihugu yayoberaga mugisirikari no gufasha urubyiruko rw’interahamwe.

 

(Photo: Rugenera Marc)

 

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’uwanditse iki gitabo ku mabarwa yagiye yandikwa na leta y’u Rwanda mu myaka 1996/97 hamwe na Pierre Galand buremeza ko intwaro zagiye zigurwa binyuze ku bantu b’ibyitso (intermediaries) n’abacuruzi b’intwaro bikorera ku giti cyabo (private arms dealers).  Bishaka kuvuga ko amafaranga yatanzwe mu kugura intwaro atagiye agaragara mu ngengo y’imari yatangwaga na banki y’isi yose. Bimwe mu bikoresho bya gisivili harimo n’imipanga yakoreshejwe mu bwicanyi, byaguzwe mu bikoresho by’ubuhinzi bikoreshwa n’abatuge, byagiye bigurwa mu ubucuruzi busanzwe. Hakurikijwe fagitire z’ibyaguzwe zabonetse muri banki y’igihugu(National Bank of Rwanda) zerekana ko hafi imipanga miliyoni yaguzwe n’inkunga yahawe radio mille collines (RTLM) bivugwa ko yakoreshejwe mu gukwiza urwango hagati y’amoko.

 

Ubusanzwe amafaranga yahabwaga leta y’u Rwanda nk’imfashanyo y’ibyerekeranye n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage ntiyagombaga gukoreshwa mu kugura ibikoresho bya gisirikari, cyane ko mu masezerano banki y’isi yari yagiranye na leta y’u Rwanda  byari bisobanutse neza ko hari liste y’ibikoresho bitagombaga kugurwa muri iyo nkunga nka lisansi, ibiribwa, imiti cyangwa imyambaro kuko byashoboraga gukoreshwa n’igisirikari icyo gihe cyari mu mirwano.[Ndlr:Ni muri urwo rwego ministre Rugenera Mariko yanze gutumiza ibikoresho bya gisilikare igihe imirwano yuburaga mu 1994 Habyarimana amaze kwicwa, bikaviramo ingabo z’u Rwanda z’icyo gihe FAR  gutsindwa urugamba].

 

Mu mwaka w’1993,banki y’isi yahagaritse igice cy’inguzanyo leta y’u Rwanda yagombaga kubona kugira ngo kidakoreshwa mu kugura ibikoresho bya gisirikari mu mwanya w’ibya gisivili. Amwe mu mafaranga banki y’isi yose yari yahaye u Rwanda muw’1991, igice cyayo cyari cyashyizwe kuri konti yo muri banki y’i Buruseli (Banque Bruxelles Lambert in Brussels) yakomeje gufungurirwa guverinoma y’abatabazi  kugeza nyuma y’amezi abili iyo leta itsinzwe mu w’1994.

   Izi ni zimwe mu ntwaro zikomeye leta ya kera yabitse mu rugamba rwa 1994 kubera kubura amasasu!

 

Raporo yerekanye kandi ko intambara yatumye leta ya Habyarimana ikoresha amafaranga menshi arenze kure ingengo y’imari yari yumvikanyweho na Banki y’isi yose mu rwego rwo kuzahura ubukungu. N’ubwo bigaragara ko amafaranga banki y’isi yari yatanze atakoreshejwe nkuko byari byumvikanyweho, ibyo ntibyatumye leta idashimwa mu mwaka w’1991 kubera imbaraga yagaragaje zatumye ubukungu bw’icyo gihe bugaragara ko bwifashe neza mu gihugu.

 

Iyi raporo irerekana  kandi ko banki y’isi yose mwigenzura ryayo rya nyuma itiyigeze yerekana ko mbere ya Mata 1994 igihugu cy’u Rwanda cyari mu ntambara. Nubwo ideni ryahawe leta yari imaze kuvaho, FPR ikimara gufata ubutegetsi ntiyashishikajwe n’uko iryo deni rikurwaho n’ubwo ryari ryakoreshejwe mu bikorwa by’intambara ku ruhande rwa leta yari ivuyeho, ahubwo yihutiye kwemera amadeni yose u Rwanda rwari rwafashe hagati ya 1990-1994. Paul kagame yahise ategeka Ministiri w’imari ko atakurikirana iby’ayo madeni yose igihugu cyari gifitiye banki y’isi yose.

 

Leta z’unze ubumwe z’Amerika  zashyize igitutu kuri FPR iyisaba kutajya mu mishyikirano iyo ariyo yose yonyine n’abatenkunga. Ku kibazo cyo kumenya niba amadeni yo mu gihe cy’intambara yaba yari yarafashwe mu buryo nyabwo, FPR ntiyemerewe kugira icyo ibivugaho, ahubwo banyir’amadeni bahise bashyiraho gahunda yihutirwa y’ukuntu bakishyurwa ibyabo ku buryo bwihuse (ndlr: FPR na Kagame batanzeho ruswa ayo madene ataragombaga kwishyurwa  kugira ngo abaterankunga bemerere Kagame kugira umubare munini w'ingabo zidahuje n'ubushobozi bw'u Rwanda muri gahunda yo guha igisilikare cya Kagame ubushobozi bwo kuzigarurira ibirombe by'amabuye y'agaciro biri muri Congo). Mu rwego rwo kubaka ibyari byasenywe n’intambara, inama y’abaterankunga (doners) yabereye i Stockholm muri 1998, yahise itanga miliyoni 55.2 z’amadorali. Mu byukuri aya mafaranga ntiyahawe FPR, ahubwo yahise ajya mu mufuka wa banki y’isi n’ikigega Nyafrika cy’iterambere (IDA) n’ikigega cy’isi yose cy’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi (IFAD) ku madeni yari yarakoreshejwe mu gihe cy’intambara, ari kuri leta yavuyeho cyangwa y’inkotanyi.

 

Mu yandi magambo, inguzanyo yahawe leta ya FPR ikimara gufata ubutegetsi ntiyabaye iyo gusanura ibyari byangijwe n’intambara, ahubwo yari iyo kwishyura amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu bwicanyi bwose bwabaye. Amadeni mashya yiswe ayo gusanura igihugu yahanaguye amadeni ya kera. Amadeni y’urukozasoni yatanzwe kugira ngo intambara zikorwe (odious debts) yahanaguwe mu bitabo ahabwa umugisha yishyurwa n’andi mashya, uruhare rw’abaterankunga b’intambara rukingirwa ikibaba, ubwo banki y’isi yose n’ikigega cy’imari cy’isi(IMF) bitanga izindi nguzanyo n’amategeko y’uburyo zigomba gukoreshwa, nuko ubuzima burakomeza.

 

Banki y’isi na IMF byitwaje isanurwa ry’ibyasenywe n’intambara,bishyira imbaraga nyinshi mw’ivugurugwa ry’ubukungu nyuma y’intambara, kurusha kure inkunga byatangaga mu gihe cy’intambara yatangiye m’Ukwakira1990 kugeza Mata 1994. Hategetswe ko imishahara y’abalimu n’abaganga yashyirwa hasi cyane kugeza aho imishara y’abakozi ba leta bose hamwe itarenga 4.5% by’umusaruro wose w’igihugu (PIB). Abakozi b’abalimu badafite impamyabushobozi zemewe bagakurwa mu mubare w’abahembwa na leta. Ubwo umusaruro w’umwaka k’umuturage ubusanzwe mbere y’intambara wangana n’amadolari 360 waramanutse ugera ku madolari 140 muw’1995, mu gihe igihugu cyose cyari cyitungiwe n’amadeni yo hanze gusa.

 

Mu rwego rwo gushaka ko igisirikari cyagira imbaraga zikomeye, leta ya FPR aho kugira ngo isabe gusonerwa amadeni yafashwe mu bihe by’intamabara; ubundi ayo madeni akaba atiyushyurwa kuko akenshi aba yafashwe mu buryo butaribwo(odious debts), ahubwo yahisemo kugurisha umutungo warusanzwe ari uwa leta kugiciro giteye isoni n’ab’ikorera ku giti cyabo baturutse hanze, maze yakirana amaboko yombi ibyemezo bya institutions z’i Bretton woods. Nubwo hari ibyemezo byo kwizirika umukanda ariko; ingengo y’imari ikoreshwa mu bya gisirikari yakomeje kwiyongera ku buryo burenze urugero. Amafaranga yose yahawe guvernoma ya FPR kuva 1995, ntiyigeze akoreshwa mu by’iterambere n’imibereho y’abaturage ahubwo yakoreshejwe mu gutegura no gukomeza intambara zose FPR yagiye ikora, ushyizeho n’izatangijwe mu cyahoze ari Zaire (ubu cyitwa Congo).

 

FPR ikimara gufata ubutegetsi k’uruhembei rw’umuheto ibifashijwemo na leta z’unze ubumwe za Amerika, icyo gihugu k’igihangange ku isi kigishije bamwe mubasirikari ba FPR bo hejuru barangajwe imbere na Paul Kagame, hamwe n’ab’igihugu cya Uganda  bari bafatanyije ku rugamba, kandi bagahabwa abajyanama bakomeye ba USA mu bya gisirikari ndetse n’ibikoresho bikomeye; Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ntizahagarariye aho, kuko mu mafaranga Banki y’isi yose yagiye inyuza kuri Museveni perezida wa Uganda mbere ya 1994, harimo n’ayo gukomereza intambara mu Zaire.

 

Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zafashije byimazeyo FPR, mu mutungo, ibikoresho n’abasirikari bafite ubumenyi budasanzwe mu bya gisirikari (Army Special Forces and military personnel) bigishije ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abasilikari b’Inkotanyi. Ariko Kagame we na bagenzi be bo bahawe inyigisho zihariye. Mu gihe abahanga mu bya gisirikari (Green Berets) b’ingabo za Amerika bigishaga ingabo za FPR inkotanyi, ninako bigishaga mw’ibanga n’inyeshyamba z’abazayirwa zari ziyobowe na Laurent Desire Kabila ziteguraga gufatanya n’ingabo z’u Rwanda (APR) muguhirika ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu Seseko perezida wa Zaïre (RD Congo).

 

Abahanga mu bya gisirikari bo mu ngabo z’Amerika bigishije inkotanyi, imyitozo itandukanye,abofisiye amagana n’amagana bajyanywe kwigishirizwa muri Amerika, abasigaye bigishirizwa mu Rwanda.  Ubwo inyigisho zari zirimbanyije ninako hari amanama ya buri gihe hagati ya Kagame n’abakuru b’ingabo za Amerika, yigaga uko intambara yakomeza muri Zaire, ndetse no gukuraho bidasubirwaho iterabwoba ku Rwanda ry’ingabo zari iza Habyarimana zari hakurya muri Zaire. Hagati aho ingabo z’amerika ngo zaba zarigishaga iz’inkotanyi ibyerekeranye n’uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa-muntu, ariko cyane bita ku kurwanya byimazeyo ibitero ibyo ari byo byose n’aho byaturuka hose. 

 

Prezida Museveni wa Uganda hamwe na Kagame bigiye hamwe umugambi wo gufasha umutwe w’inyeshyamba zari ziyobowe na Laurent Désiré Kabila. Nyuma gato ubwo perezida Paul Kagame yaravuye i Washington no mu mahugurwa adasanzwe muri Amerika; nibwo intambara yo muri Congo yahise itangira mu Ukwakira 1996. Ubwo nibwo ikoresheje ambasade yayo i Kigali, Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zahise zishyiraho umujyanama wihariye kandi uhoraho wa Kagame mu byerekeranye na politike, ndetse ninako uwo mujyanama yahoraga asimbukira no hakurya muri Congo guhura na Kabila wari ukiri mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.

 

Nyuma gato intambara yo muri Congo itangiye, ingabo z’inyeshyamba z’igometse kuri leta ya Mobutu ziyobowe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda zirukankanye ingabo za Mubutu, izo nyeshyamba zakoresheje igihe cy’amezi 7 gusa mu gufata igihugu cya 3 mu bunini muri Afrika. Ubwo Kabila afata ubutegetsi muri Gicurasi 1997 Mobutu amaze guhunga igihugu, ndetse Kabila ahita ahindura izina ry’igihugu gisubira ku izina rya Congo. Hagati aho Amerika yarimo ihakana ko nta n’umusirikari wayo n’umwe waba uri ku ruhande rw’ingaboz’u Rwanda mu ntambara yo muri Congo, nubwo hari raporo zariho icyo gihe zemezaga ko ari abajyanama b’ingabo za Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika bayoboye urugamba igihe intambara yatangiraga bashishikajwe cyane no gufata ibirombe bicukurwamo amabuye y’agaciro byari mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, mu mugambi wo gushakira amabuye y’agaciro inganda za gisirikari z’Amerika.

 

Mu mezi ya mbere y’uko Mobutu ava ku butegetsi igihe intambara yari irimo ibica muri Zaire, Laurent Kabila wari umaze gufata icyicaro i Goma ho mu burasirazuba bwa Zaire, yagiranye amasezerano n’amakompanyi(companies) menshi y’abanyamerika n’ayo mu bwongereza, akora imirimo y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Harimo ndetse n’ikompanyi( company) ifite icyicaro gikuru muri leta presida Bill Clinton akomokamo ya Hope Arkansas yitwa  American Mineral Fields (AMF).

 

Tugarutse inyuma gato i Washington, abakozi bakuru b’ikigega cy’imari y’isi (IMF), barimo bahugiye ku kureba uko ubukungu bwa Zaire bwari buhagaze (reviewing Zaire’s macroeconomic situation). Nta gihe cyo guta cyari gihari. Gahunda y’ibyerekeranye n’ubukungu bwa Zaire nyuma y’ikurwaho rya prezida Mobutu yari yararangije gufatirwa ibyemezo. Ubushakashatsi bwasohowe muri Mata 1997, gato ukwezi kumwe ngo Mobutu ahunge igihugu, ku buryo butunguranye, IMF yategetse ko agaciro k’ifaranga rya Zaire kahagararira aho kari kageze, iyi ikaba yari imwe muri gahunda yihutirwaga yo kuzahura ubukungu (economic recovery programme) bw’icyo gihugu. Ni muri urwo rwego nyuma y’amezi make Laurent Desiré Kabila afashe ubutegetsi i Kinshasa, IMF yategetse ko imishahara yahagararira aho yarigeze(to freeze civil service wages), mu rwego rwo kureba uko habaho gutuma ubukungu bwa Zaire budakomeza guhungabana (restoring the macroeconomoc stability).

 

Kubera kumungwa gukabije kw’ifaranga rya Zaire n’igwa ry’agaciro karyo (hyperinflation), umushahara w’umukozi wa leta wo ku rwego rwo hasi waraguye kugeza ku mazaïre mashya (NZ) 30,000 ku kwezi, angana n’idolari 1 ry’amafaranga y’amanyamerika. Iki cyifuzo cya IMF nta kindi cyari kigamije uretse gutuma umuturage wa Zaire akomeza kuba mubukene butagira ingano. Habayeho igisa no guha Congo imfashanyo yo kwiyubaka nyuma y’intambara, ariko ninako hakomeje kuba inkunga yatumye intambara idahagarara muri Congo, ku buryo abaturage b’abacongomani bari bamaze gupfa muri icyo gihe bakabakabaga milioni  ebyiri.

 

Umwanzuro

 

Intambara yabaye mu Rwanda yari inkundura ya politike yo gufata ubutegetsi hagati ya guvernoma yari iyobowe na Habyarimana, yafashwaga n’igihugu cy’ubufaransa ku ruhande rumwe na FPR kurundi ruhande yari ishyigikiwe byimazeyo ku buryo bwa gisirikari ndetse n’ubukungu na leta zunze ubumwe z’amerika.  Ikibazo cy’amoko cyarifashishijwe kugira ngo Amerika inyure kuri FPR igere ku ntego zayo za politike ya mpatsibihugu (geopolitical objectives) mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari by’Afrika [ndlr: icyo kibazo cy’amoko kandi nanubu kiracyakoreshwa kuko M23 mu izina rya FPR ivuga ko irwanira ubwoko bw’abatutsi bo muri Congo].

 

Byumvikane ko ibiro by’iperereza by’Abanyamerika, ndetse n’iby’Abafaransa byagizemo uruhare rukomeye mu mahano yabaye mu Rwanda kandi n’ubu bigikomeza. Mu magambo y’uwari Ministre w’ubutwererane w’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa  Bwana Bernard Debré wari muri guverinema ya minister w’intebe  Edouard  Balladur, yagize ati: “ Ikitavugwa ni uko, niba ubufaransa bwari ku ruhande rumwe, Abanyamerika nabo barimo baha intwaro abatutsi hamwe n’abaganda”. Aha sinshaka  guteranya ubufaransa n’abongereza/Amerika, ikiricyo nuko ukuri kugomba kuvugwa. Tuvuze kandi ku mfashanyo ya gisirikari n’imitwe yitwaraga gisirikari, Uganda yongereye ideni ry’amahanga rigera kuri miliyari 2 z’amadorali mu gihe gito cyane kurusha u Rwanda rwo rwari rugeze kuri miliyoni 250 z’amadolari kuva mu 1990 kugeza 1994.

 

(Photo: izi ni intwaro ingabo za kera zataye ku mupaka zimaze guhungira muri Congo zikaba zaraguze akayabo k'amafaranga yagiye mu mifuka y'abazungu).

 

Tugarutse ku ngabo za RPF, zafashwaga n’abanyamerika , ndetse n’amadeni yo hanze Uganda yafataga, izo ngabo zari zifite ibikoresho bikomeye, ndetse bigaragara ko ziteguye urugamba kurusha ingabo za leta y’u Rwanda(FAR) ku ruhande rwa perezida Habyarimana. Ku rugamba, ingabo za FPR zari zihagaze neza kurusha iza leta ya Habyarimana muri icyo gihe. Umwe mu bari mu rwego rw’ubuyobozi bw’ingabo za FPR witwa Paul Mugabe, yemeza ko jenerri Majoro Paul Kagame ariwe ubwe watanze itegeko ryo guhanura indege yari itwaye perezida Habyarimana,afite umugambi wo gufata ubutegetsi b’u Rwanda. Yari azi neza ko kwica Habyarimana, byagombaga byanze bikunze gutuma haba jenoside y’abasivili b’abatutsi. Nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege, ingabo za RPF zahise zikwirakwizwa mu mugi wa Kigali mu gihe harimo hakorwa ubwicanyi, ariko ntacyo izi ngabo zakoze ngo zibuhagarike cyangwa ngo zibuze abicaga kubukora.

 

Icyemezo cya prezida Kagame cyo guhanura indege yaritwaye Habyarimana cyari igikorwa kidasanzwe mu mateka y’igihugu cy’ u Rwanda, ku buryo Generali Majoro paul Kagame afata iki cyemezo yari azi neza ingaruka kizagira. Irari ryo gutegeka rya Kagame ryabaye indandaro yo kurimburwa kw’ imiryango yacu: abatutsi, abahutu n’abatwa. Mbese nta bwoko butatakaje abaantu babwo. Gufata ubutegetsi kwa Kagame kwatumye abatutsi batagira ingano Babura ubuzima bwabo, habaho no guhunga kw’amamiliyoni y’abahutu abenshi ari inzirakarengane mu buryo butari ngombwa. Bamwe mu banyarwanda b’abemeragato bafashe Kagame ho umucunguzi wabo, ariko uko ibihe bigenda bihita, biragaragaza ko ariwe washyize igihugu mu kangaratete.

 

None Kagame yashobora gusobanurira abanyarwanda impamvu yohereje ikitaraganya Bwana Dusaidi Claude na Bwana charles Muligande i New York n’i Washington guhagarika gutabara ingabo za ONU zari ziteganyijwe kuza mu butumwa kurinda no guhagarika abanyarwanda barimo bakorerwa jenoside? Impamvu yari inyuma y’icyo gikorwa nta yindi kwari kugira ngo FPR ifate ubutegetsi bw’i Kigali no kwereka amahanga ko aribo bahagaritse jenoside. Twibuke neza ko jenoside yabaye mu gihe cy’amezi atatu, nubwo Kagame ubwe yari yivugiye ko afite ububasha bwo kuyihagarika mu gihe cy’icyumweru cya mbere indege imaze guhanurwa.

 

Mbese ubundi Generali Majoro Paul Kagame yashobora gusobanura impamvu yasabye ingabo za MINUAR kuva ku butaka bw’u Rwanda byihutirwa mu gihe ONU yarimo ishaka uburyo yakongera umubare w’ingabo kugira ngo bashobore guhagarika jenoside? Mu buhamya bwerekeranye n’ihanurwa ry’indege yari itwaye perezida Habyarimana n’abo bari kumwe bose, bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu nteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubufransa, Paul Mugabe yemeza ko Kagame ariwe watanze itegeko ryo kurasa iyo ndege, kandi ko prezida Kagame yari igikoresho cya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika.

 

Muri politiki y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, gupfa kw’abanyafurika ntacyo bibabwiye cyane iyo biri mu ngamba bateguye zo kugera ku nyungu zirebana n’igihugu cyabo. Gusubiranamo kw’amoko mu Rwanda n’ubwicanyi bwakurikiye, yari imwe mu ntego y’iyo politiki kugira ngo bagere ku mugambi wabo. Nubwo mu rwego rwa diplomasi nta kibazo cyari gihari hagati y’ubufaransa n’Amerika, ndetse hakaba hari ishyirahamwe ry’ingabo z’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba zihuriyemo, twavuga y’uko hari intamba hagati y’ibi bihugu mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari by’Afurika. Mu gushyigikira no gufasha ingabo z’u Rwanda n’iza Uganda mu gutera Congo, Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zifite uruhare rukomeye mubwicanyi bwose bwabereye muri kariya karere( abanyarwanda n’abanyekongo). Abateganyamigambi b’igihugu cya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, bari bazi neza ingaruka z’ubwicanyi bwagombaga kuba muri izo ntambara yari yaratangijwe nayo, kuko ishami ryayo ry’iperereza CIA ryari ryamenyesheje mw’ibanga Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika(US State Department) ko amasezerano y’Arusha nadakurikizwa imirwano igakomeza hazapfa abaturage barenga miliyoni.

 

Aya makuru yari asanzwe azwi no mu muryango w’abibumbye, kuko ntabwo ari ibintu byatunguranye ngo wenda abe ari Generali Majoro Dallaire wari uyoboye ingabo za ONU wabivuze jenocide imaze kuba. Icyo leta yi Washingitoni yari igamije kwari ukwirukana ubufaransa no gutesha agaciro guverinoma y’ubufaransa yashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, hanyuma bagashyiraho ubutegetsi bugengendera ku myumvire ya politiki y’Abongereza/Amerika(Anglo-American protectorate in Rwanda) buyobowe na Paul Kagame. Washington nta bushake na buke yigeze igira bwo guhagarika jenocide yarimo ikorwa ku mpande zombi. Kagame ubwe ntiyifuzaga ko ONU yakohereza ingabo (hafi 5000) mu gikorwa cyo guhagarika jenocide kuko yari afite ubwoba ko izo ngabo zatuma atagera ku mugambi yari amaranye igihe wo gufata ubutegetsi. Inama ya ONU ishinzwe umutekano imaze guterana, umunyamabanga mukuru wa ONU wariho icyo gihe Bwana Boutros Boutros Ghali yahise asohora raporo yemeza ko igitekerezo cyo kohereza ingabo mu Rwanda gisubitswe.

 

Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda muri 1994, yafashije Amerika gushimangira imigambi yayo ya politike mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari by’Afurika. Ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko bwabaye igisitaza ku gihugu cy’ubufransa. Ibi bikaba byaratumye Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ziba umukoloni mushya w’akarere k’Afurika yo hagati. Mucyahoze ari koloni y’igihugu kivuga ururimi rw’igifaransa cy’ububiligi (franco-belgian), ubu u Rwanda ruyobowe n’abavantara b’abatutsi  bibumbiye muri FPR rwahindutse koloni y’ibihugu by’ubwongereza-Amerika (Anglo-American). Leta n’inzego zigenga ubu zirakoresha ururimi rw’icyongereza. Ubucuruzi n’imishinga yose yari iy’abahutu mbere ya 1994, yazunguwe n’abatutsi  baturutse hanze y’igihugu.

 

Mbese ubu u Rwanda ni nkaho rwabonye ubuhungiro mu bihugu by’Afrika bivuga ururimi rw’icyongereza( ari narwo rurimi rw’ubwongereza n’Amerika). Ubutegetsi bwa RPF bukoresha ururimi rw’icyongereza n’ikinyarwanda, aho Universite ubusanzwe mbere yigishaga mu rurimi rw’igifransa ubu isigaye ikoresha ururimi rw’icyongereza gusa. Mu gihe icyongereza ubu aricyo gikoreshwa mu nzego za Leta hamwe n’igifaransa n’ikinyarwanda, ubwiganzure (influences) bw’umuco na politike by’igifaransa niko biri kugenda bihanagurwa. Ubu Washingitoni niyo yahindutse umukoloni mushya w’igihugu cyahoze kivuga ururimi rw’igifarnsa. Ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bivuga ururimi rw’igifaransa, byo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, ubu bifitanye amasezerano y’ubutwererane mu bya gisirikari na Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika. Kubwa Washingitoni Ibi bihugu byagombye gufata urugero rw’u Rwanda. Mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba bw’afurica(bivuga ururimi rw’igifaransa), idolari riragenda risimbura ku buryo bwihuse ifaranga ry’iri CFA, risanzwe rikoreshwa muri ibyo bihugu, ubusanzwe ryegamiye ku kigega cy’ubukungu cy’ubufaransa (linked in a currency board arrangement to the French Treasury)

 

 

 

Byahinduwe mu Kinyarwanda n’ubwanditsi bwa veritasinfo.fr

 

Source: Economic Genocide in Rwanda”, of the Second Edition of The Globalization of Povertyand the New World Order, Global Research, Montreal, 2003.This text updatesthe author’s analysis on Rwanda written in 1995, which was published in the first edition ofGlobalization of Poverty,TWN and Zed Books, Penang and London, 1997.