Rwanda: MANIFESITE Y’ABAHUTU (Igice cya 2), Jean Damascène BIZIMANA arashimirwa kuba yaribukije abanyarwanda aho bavuye!
Ku italiki ya 11 Kanama uyu mwaka, twabagejejeho igice cya mbere cy'inyandiko yiswe "Manifeste y'abahutu yo mu mwaka w'1957. Abasomyi ba "veritasinfo" bakaba baratubwiye icyo batekereza kuri iyo nyandiko. Abenshi muri abo basomyi bashimira Jean Damascène Bizimana, umuyobozi wa komisiyo ya Paul Kagame yo kurwanya jenoside CNLG, watinyutse kwibutsa abanyarwanda iyi nyandiko yiswe "manifeste y'abahutu"; nubwo Bizimana we yabikoze agamije kugoreka amateka mu nyungu z'ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame, iyi nyandiko yerekanye akarengane kakorerwaga abanyarwanda n'ingoma ya cyami! Abasomyi kandi bashimira radiyo "BBC Gahuzamiryango" yashoboye gutegura ibiganiro mpaka kuri iyi nyandiko, kuko byatumye abantu bakiri bato basobanukirwa n'uko ubutegetsi bwariho muri icyo gihe bwitwaraga bikaba aribyo byakuruye impinduka yabwo! Ikibazo abasomyi ba "veritasinfo" bakomeje kwibaza kugeza ubu bakaba batarashoboye kubona umuti wacyo: ni ukumenya amaherezo y'ubutegetsi bwa Paul Kagame, kuko babona nabwo bwarahisemo gukorera abanyarwanda akarengane kameze nk'akatumye abakurambere bandika iriya nyandiko yiswe "manifeste y'abahutu". Ese aho mu Rwanda amateka ntazongera akisubiramo? Veritasinfo yabateguriye igice cya kabiri cy'iyo nyandiko:
Grégoire Kayibanda, Perezida wa mbere wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda
MANIFESITE Y’ABAHUTU 24.03.1957 (Igice cya 2)
2 - UMUSANZU W’IBISUBIZO BYIHUTIRWA
Dore bimwe mu bisubizo bishobora gukemura ibibazo ari uko imitere y’imiyoborere, imibanire n’imibereho biriho ubu mu gihugu bihindutse mu buryo mwimbitse kandi vuba :
I)Igisubizo cyambere ni «Imitekerereze»; Hahagarikwe gutekereza ko injijuke z’Abanyarwanda ari Abatutsi gusa (Umuco ukunzwe cyane n’inzego za gikoloni mu bihugu byacu, ngo ni ukubahiriza umuco gakondo w’igihugu).
II)Mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Turasaba ko hashingwa ibigo bishya bishinzwe gufasha Abahutu barenganijwe n’ubutegetsi bw’Abakoloni, busa nubushaka guhamisha Umuhutu mu butindi no kumubuza uburyo bwo guharanira no kugera ku burenganzira bwe mu gihugu cye. Tukaba dusaba :
1° Guca shiku n’ibikonkwani. -Abacakara basimbuzwe ikigo cya leta gishinzwe imirimo ya leta kizajya giha akazi abakozi bagasabye, barengerwa n’amategeko y’umurimo, yatangiye gutera imbere. Icyo kigo gishobora kuba cyamera nkuko tuzi icyitwa REGIDESO. Guca shiku, ibikonkwani, byasubiza abaturage uburenganzira bwabo n’igihe byo kwishingira imishinga ibafitiye akamaro. Abanebwe, babaho no mubo mu nzego zo hejuru bakurikiranwa bikozwe muburyo bw’ubaha ikiremwamuntu.
2° Kwemera mu rwego rw’amategeko uburenganzira ku mutungo w’ubutaka bw’umuntu ku giti cye hakurikijwe imyumvire ya Kinyaburayi. Buri wese akagira isambu ihagije yo guhinga akonororeramo. Ibikingi by’Ibikomangoma bigacibwa mu buryo umuco w’ubu ubyumva ukanabirengera. Mu rwego rw’amategeko, serivise ibishinzwe yagena ubuso bukwiriye umuryango ufite abana 6 kugeza ku 8 hakurikijwe imyerere y’ubutaka bwo mu Rwanda n’Uburundi. Ababa bose bahawe ubwo butaka bakandikwa mu gitabo cya susheferi nka banyirubutaka bwite nk’uko byumvikana i Burayi. Abandi bazabona ubutaka buhoro buhoro cyane ko abaturage bamwe batangiye kugenda bimuka bava mu turere tumwe bajya gutura mu tundi. Ikibazo cy’ubutaka nticyagombye gukemurwa hutihuti niyo byaba bisabwe n’Inama Nkuru y’igihugu, kuko bishobora kubangamira inyungu za rubanda giseseka.
3° Ikigega cy’inguzanyo ku byaro. -Icyo kigega cyaba gishinzwe guteza imbere imishinga yo mu byaro : ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere n’indi mirimo itandukanye. Icyo kigega cyaguriza umuntu wese ushaka kwikorera nk’umuhinzi cyangwa umunyamwuga. Uburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo bwakorwa ku buryo bwashobokera buri muhutu uciriritse wese.
4°Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika mbiligi n’Ububiligi. – Uyu muryango washyirwaho mu buryo n’igihe byaba byabanje kugaragarizwa rubanda n’ababahagarariye bakabishima.
5°Uburenganzira bwo kuvuga icyo umuntu atekereza. Havuzwe bimwe mu bitangazamakuru, byaba ibyo mu Bubiligi cyangwa mu bihugu bikolonijwe na bwo, byaba bikurura inzangano hagati y’amako. Twe dutekereza ko bishiboka ko haba harabayeho gukabya nkuko bisanzwe mu itangazamakuru, cyane hakurikijwe imyaka ibihugu byacu bifite. Dutekereza kandi ko ibitekerezo bimwe byaba byarakomerekeje abantu bamwe batamenyereye kuvuguruzwa, bamenyereye gupfukirana abo bategeka n’abanyantege nke. Ibyo bishobora kuba byarakomerekeje inzego zikiva mu buhake.
Tunatekereza kandi ko uburenganzira bwo kuvuga icyo umuntu atekereza muri Afurika mbiligi no ku bibazo by’abaturage bimaze igihe, bamwe mubategetsi batamenyereye demukarasi wenda batanayishaka, baba barababajwe n’ibyasohotse mu itangazamakuru. Ariko kandi dutekereza ko ibibazo bya rubanda bitagomba gupfukiranwa hitwaje kudacamo rubanda ibice mu nyungu bwite za banyamuke. Turizera ko yaba guverinoma y’Ububiligi, yaba n’ubutabera bw’Ububiligi batakwemera ubumwe bukomotse ku mirambo y’abaturage baka uburyo n’ibyangombwa byo gukora no kwiteza imbere. Ese, mbere yo gusaba ubudakemwa bw’itagazamakuru, ntibyaba byiza bibanje gusabwa ubucamanza n’ubutegetsi bya gikoloni ko ari byo byaba bifite akamaro karushijeho, bityo itangazamakuru rikabura ibyo ribagaya ? Ese ubundi, uburenganzira bw’itangazamakuru si umwe mu misingi y’ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri rubanda (Demukarasi)?
Umwami Rudahigwa yakira uhagarariye ingabo z'abakoloni b'ababiligi mu Rwanda
III) KU BYEREKEYE IMIYOBORERE (POLITIKI). - Nubwo twemera ko ubutegetsi bwa Gitutsi bw’ubu bukomeza gufatanya n’Ububiligi mukoyobora igihugu, turababurira ku kibazo cyo gukuraho gikoloni hagati y’Umuzungu n’umwirabura, igasimbuza iyirengeje ububi hagati y’Umututsi n’Umuhutu. Ni ngombwa ko habanza kuvanwaho ingorane zose ziva ku bwikanyize bw’Abatutsi mu gukandamiza ubundi bwoko butuye u Rwanda kuva na kera. Tukaba twifuza ibi bikurikira :
1°)Ko amategeko n’umuco byandikwa. Birumvikana ko bitoroshye gusiba imico imwe hakoreshejwe ikaramu, ariko twemera ko gufata umuco nk’ikigirwamana bibangamira cyane iterambere rirambye kandi rikomeye ry’abaturage.
Niyo mpamvu, mu buryo bw’umucyo, uburinganire n’ubureshye imbere y’amategeko, hagamijwe kugabanya akarengane no kurengera rubanda, dusaba ko amategeko yagenderwagaho n’ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni kimwe n’imico ikoreshwa ifite akamaro kandi itabangamiye demukarasi yabarurwa ikandikwa mu gitabo, ikaba yazagenda ivugururwa uko igihugu gitera imbere. Ibikorwa byakozwe n’abahanga n’abashingamategeko mu bice binyuranye, byafasha mu kwihutisha icyo gikorwa.
Inkiko n’ubutegetsi bya gikoloni, iterambere mu bikorera ku giti cyabo bakeneye icyo kitegererezo nk’umuro ubayobora mu kazi kabo. Kumanika inkota y’umuco w’igihugu hagamijwe inyungu zo kwikanyiza, ntibyafasha guha ikizere gihagije, ntibinatanga ubutabera n’amahoro ku byifuzo by’Abaturage. Ni ngombwa kubarura no kwandika amategeko n’umuco bigenderwaho kugira ngo hamenyekane ibibuze no kubikosora hagamijwe guteza imbere abikorera ku giti cyabo, bahora bagongana n’ubutegetsi bw’umuntu umwe cyangwa umuco w’akarere aka n’aka udafitiye inyungu imibereho myiza n’inyungu abaturage.
2°Ko Abahutu bashyirwa mu nzego z’imirimo ya Leta (sheferi, susheri, abacamanza). Tubivuye mu mizi, dutekereza ko abagize inteko z’inama n’abasoreshwa bitorera abashefu n’abacamanza. Mu duce tukiri inyuma cyane abaturage bashobora guhitamo mu bakandida nka batatu baba batoranyijwe mbere.
3°Ko hashyirwaho igihe cya manda ntarengwa igerwaho abaturage bakongera bakitorera abasimbura abacyuye igihe. Ubwo buryo, butabaye irondakoko, bwakongerera amahirwe Umuhutu bikanagabanya akarengane.
4° Kuvana ba shefu b’abamaporovense mu bagize Njyanama za sheferi
5° Gushyira mu bagize Inama Nkuru y’i Gihugu abahagarariye za sheferi : Buri sheferi yahagararirwa n’umubare mpuzangano n’umubare w’abasoreshwa bawurimo kimwe n’Umuzungu wahisemo kuhatura bihoraho, bivuze ko ahafite inyungu aharengera. Ntidufata binenegwe kwemerera Umunyamahanga utuye bihoraho gutora. Ishyirwaho ry’amategeko rigomba kugenda ryagurwa, rigabanya kuvangura cyane ko Umunyamahanga kimwe n’Abatutsi bose bafitiye agaciro akarere batuyemo. Ibyemezo nk’ibi dusaba, twe tubona ari iby’ibibanze byakorwa niba guverinoma mbiligi ishaka gukora igikorwa kidashingiye ku irindakoko. Dushobora kumva neza impamvu havugwa ko tugomba kwihanga, ariko twibwira ko ya myaka 900 ivugwa y’ubwami bw’Abatutsi n’imyaka 56 y’ubukoloni bihagije ko kandi gutegereza byasubiza inyuma ibyagezweho.
IV)KU BYEREKEYE UBUREZI. - Mu bihe biri imbere, hazasabwa impamyabumenyi kandi bizaba bikwiye. Ariko kugeza ubu, icagura rikorwa mu mashuri y’isumbuye n’amakuru rigaragarira buri wese. Ibyitwazwa ntibibura, bimwe muri byo nta shingiro bifite : Biha icyuho imiterere iriho itonesha gusa kwiyongera mu bungungu no mu buyobozi kw’Abatutsi.
1°Turasabako uburezi bukurikiranirwa hafi. Dushyire mu gaciro kandi tugendane n’igihe tuvanaho icagura mu mashuri y’isumbuye buri wese abonera akamaro. Icyo kibazo gitangirira mu myaka ya mbere y’amashuri yisumbuye kuburyo mu guhitamo abajya mu mwaka wa gatanu haba ntamahitamo aba agihari, haba higanjemo Abatutsi gusa. Birashoboka ko nta bushake bikorerwa, ariko ibyo ari byo byose bikomoka kuri ya mitere y’ubuyobozi isa ni ikamyo ya rukururana twavuze haruguru. Mugukemura iri cagura, caeteris aequalibus (mu buryo mpunzandengo), niba nta myanya ihagije ibonetse mu mashuri yisumbuye, baringaniza amoko. Bitari ugushaka gusimbuza ukwiharira amashuri kw’Abatutsi ukwiharira mashuri kw’Abahutu. Ku buryo urwego rw’imiryango rutagira ingaruka ku myakirirwe y’abana mu mashuri.
2° Ko itangwa ry’amafaranga y’ubufasha mu kwiga (buruse) (Amafaranga amwe ava mu misoro atangwa n’abaturage benshi bagizwe ahanini n’Abahutu) yacungirwaho n’ubutegetsi bwa guverinoma mbiligi, kuburyo Abahutu batabera urwego rwuririrwaho n’ubwikanyize buhoraho bw’Abatutsi mu guhora inyuma kw’Abahutu mu nzego zose zaba iza politiki cyangwa iz’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.
3° Ku byerekeye amashuri makuru, turatekereza ko ibigo by’amashuri biri muri afurika mbiligi bihagije, gusa ibyo bigo bigomba kwakira abanyeshuri bose hatibagiwe abakwakirwa n’ibigo by’amashuri makuru byo mu bubiligi. Ku byerekeye iniverisite y’u Rwanda, twe dusanga hatatagaguzwa imari nke ihari kuko idahagije, hakabanza gushingwa amashuri y’imyuga igihugu kidafite na mba. Ntihagomba guhagarikwa iyinjira ry’abanyeshuri muri za iniverisite zo mu burayi ku banyeshuri bahiswemo hitawe ko byo igihugu gikeneye.
4° Ko amashuri y’ubukorikori, imyuga na tekinike agomba gushyirwa imbere mu ikoreshwa ry’amafaranga ya leta. Aya mashuri agomba gukwirakwizwa mu gihugu hose. Aya mashuri ntagomba ariko guhenda kugira yigwemo n’abana ba rubanda rugufi. Turabona ko aho amageragezwa yatangiriye ayo mashuri yiganjemo abana b’Abatutsi batashoboye kujya ma mashuri yisumbuye. Turifuza ko, mu gihe kitarambiranye, mu gihe hagitegurwa ishyirwamubikorwa ry’uburezi bw’imyuga, buri sheferi igomba kugira nibura ishuri rimwe ryigisha imirimo y’icyaro mu gihe cy’imyaka ibiri nibura kandi amashuri abanza akongerwaho imyaka ibiri yigisha iby’ubuzima bwo mu cyaro, kandi cyane cyane abana bakigishwa gukora imirimo y’amaboko ku bana batabashije kujya mu mashuri yisumbuye. Kuri twe, mu byerekeye uburezi, intego y’ibanze kandi yihutirwa duhaye C.A.C, zikoresha imisoro itangwa n’Abahutu. Kuba haboneka amafaranga atangwa ku biru, abavuzi b’ingoma n’ababyinnyi b’i Bwami baturuka mu bikomangoma, bigaragaza ko amafaranga atabuze.
Akarasisi k'abanyeshuri ku munsi wa mbere w'ubwigenge bw'u Rwanda (1.07.1962)
5°Gushinga amashuri yigisha abana b’abakobwa iby’umuryango (Fuwaye) ku bana b’abakobwa batarabasha kwinjira mu mashuri y’abakobwa nkayagenewe abana bakomoka mu miryango y’Ibikomangoma.
Muri make, turashaka iterambere risesuye kandi ku bahutu bose ; abo bireba batangiye kubikoraho, mu gihe shiku n’ibikonkwani bibasigira. Ariko turasaba igikorwa giturutse hejuru mu buyobozi kandi kidasusumira. Ububiligi bwakoze byinshi muri uru rwego, kandi turabyemera, ariko ubumuntu bwabwo ntibugomba kugarukira mu nzira. Ntabwo ari ukubera ko dushaka ko ibintu bidindira : turemerera abagize inama nkuru y’igihugu gukomeza kuyobora igihugu, ariko, turasaba guverinoma mbiligi n’ubutegetsi bwa gitutsi ko hagira igikorwa kigaragara mu kuvana Abahutu muri ya rukururana mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’imiyoborere y’igihugu.
Muri rusange, turasaba Ububiligi kudategeka Abahutu kujya inyuma y’Abatutsi. Nk’urugero, mu mibanire ya buri munsi, turasaba ko bihagarara gutegeka (mu buryo butaziguye) Umuhutu, kugirango yakirwe, agomba kuba yitwara nk’Umututsi. Nk’uko havugwa ko umuco gakondo wubahirizwa, hagomba no kubahwa ubutandukane buriho mu muco nyarwanda. Umututsi ashobora kugira imikorere ishimisha uyu n’uyu, ariko ntaho turumva abandi birabura bagomba kubanza kuba Abatutsi mbere yo kugera ku byiza bituruka ku bukoloni. Biragoye gusobanura impamvu Umuhutu agomba kuvugirwa n’Umututsi.
Abantu bose bazi neza ko ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni bushyigikiye ubwikanyize mu butegetsi bw’Abatutsi. Niyo mpamvu, kugira ngo tubashe gukurikirana neza ubwo bwikanyize bushingiye ku bwoko, turwanya byimazeyo, nibura muri ibi bihe, isibwa mu ndangamuntu rya « Muhutu », «mututsi», «mutwa». Kubivanaho bishobora kongera ubukana bw’ivangura mu rwihisho, bikanabuza ibaruramibare kubigaragaza. Nta n’umuntu wigeze avuga ko hari utewe ikibazo no kwitwa Umuhutu, ni indonke ziva ku bwikanyize mu butegetsi, ibyo bikaba byahamisha rubanda nyamwinshi inyuma no mu bukene butari ngombwa.
Ni mu bushake bwubaka kandi mu bushake buzira inenge bwo gufatanya bwatumye tugaragarariza ikibazo amaso yose akunda iki gihugu, ikibazo Ububiligi bufitemo uruhare rukomeye. Ntabwo ari ihinduramatwara (revolisiyo) mu gisobanuro cyayo kibi, ahubwo ni nk’abafatanyabikorwa bemera igikorwa cyabo, twifuje kuburira abayobozi b’Ubuligi, ku byago bishobora gukururwa, bitinze bitebuke, n’ubwikanyize bushingiye ku bwoko mu Rwanda. Amajwi amwe yatangiye kugaragaza iki kibazo ; kwirwanaho kutahangana, mu gihe hagitegerejwe icyakorwa n’Umuzungu, gishobora kongera ubukana imbere y’akarengane gaturuka ku bwikanyize butakihanganirwa ; kandi bibagaragarire nk’ikimenyetso.
Abayobozi bazabone muri iyi nyandiko ngufi, kandi irambuye, imiyoboro y’ibitekerezo n’ibyifuzo bigaragara bya rubanda duturukamo, dusangiye ubuzima kandi n’ingorane zishaka gukumira ivuka rya demukarasi mu gihugu; iyi demukarasi izanywe n’Ububiligi bugira ubuntu, ikaba yifuzwa na rubanda rukeneye ikirere cya politike n’imibereho myiza ishishikariza umurimo hagamijwe kubaho neza no guteza imbere bisesuye abanyagihugu bose.
Bishyizweho umuko :
Maximilen NIYONZIMA,
Grégoire KAYIBANDA,
Claver NDAHAYO,
Isidore NZEYIMANA,
Colliopé MULINDAHABI,
Godefroid SENTAMA,
Sivestre MUNYAMBONERA,
Joséph SIBOMANA
Joséph HABYARIMANA
Ku wa 24 Gicurasi 1957.
Bwana Guverinere Jenerali wungirije,
Dushimishijwe no kuboherereza ku mugereka w’iyi baruwa, inyindiko y’ibitekerezo ku miterere y’ikibazo cy’amoko mu mibanire mu Rwanda.
Twashoboraga kubona ibikumwe birenga miliyoni biterwa kuri iyo nyandiko, ariko dutekereza ko imikorere nk’iyo atari ngombwa, byibuze muri iki gihe.
Turizera ko Ubutegetsi, bushingiye ku bwihutire bw’ibibazo buyirimo, buzaha agaciro iyi nyandiko n’ubushake bwo kubaka buyikubiyemo, buzayiha agaciro.
Tubaye tubashimiye, Bwana Guverineri Jenerali wungirije.
Biteweho umukono
Godefroid SENTAMA
Maximilien NIYONZIMA
Calliope MULINDAHABI
Joseph SIBOMANA
Louis MBARAGA
Grégoire KAYIBANDA
Claver NDAHAYO.