Politiki: Urutugu rwarakuze rusumba ijosi ! FPR irusha umutungo igihugu cy'u Rwanda

[Ndlr: Mu mwaka w'1994, ingabo z'igihugu cy'u Rwanda zatsinzwe urugamba zarwanaga n'ingabo za FPR. Ingabo z'u Rwanda z'icyo gihe zahungiye muri Congo n'ibikoresho byazo byose, Banki y'igihugu ikurwamo amafaranga yarimo atwarwa na leta yariho icyo gihe, abategetsi bari bariho barahunze bose. FPR yafashe igihugu, ingabo zayo n'ibikoresho byayo ziba ingabo z'igihugu,amahanga atera inkunga ikomeye Banki y'igihugu kugira ngo yongere kugira umutungo ariko na FPR ishyiramo umutungo wayo (yita imisanzu y'abanyamuryango), abategetsi ba FPr basimbura abahunze ! None ubu FPR ivugako yashyizeho sosiyete yayo y'ubucuruzi ubu irusha igihugu cy'u Rwanda umutungo kandi abategetsi ba FPR nibo baha amasoko sosiyete ya FPR bakoresheje ipiganwa! Ese iryo piganwa ntiryaba rimeze nk'umunyeshuri ujya gukora ikizamini hamwe n'abandi ariko we afite urupapuro ruriho ibisubizo? None se FPR izavuga ko n'imbunda n'ingabo z'u Rwanda ko ari ibya FPR ko byaguzwe mu misanzu y'abanyamuryango bayo? Niba twumva neza ibyo Nshuti Manassé atubwira hasi aha, igihugu cy'u Rwanda nta mutungo gifite kuko wahunganywe , nta ngabo gifite kuko zahunze, nta bayobozi gifite kuko batsinzwe bagahunga , ibyo bikorwa byose by'igihugu bikaba byarasimbuwe na FPR ibikuye mu misanzu y'abanyamuryango bayo! None igihugu kizongera kubona ibyacyo ryari?]

 

Abantu benshi ntibakunze gusobanukirwa nyiri Crystal Ventures ndetse na byinshi mu bikorwa yashoyemo imari. Bamwe bavuga ko Crystal Venture ari iya FPR, abandi bakavuga ko ari iya guverinoma, mu gihe abandi bavuga ko ari iy’abanyamuryango ba FPR.

Crystal Venture ni sosiyete ikuriye izindi ziyibumbiyemo zirimo Ruliba Clays Ltd, Inyange Industries, Mutara Enterprises, East African Granite Industries, Bourbon Coffee, CVL Developpers, Real Contractors, Intersec, GPS Ltd, NPD Cotraco, MSG n’ibindi.

Nyuma y’uko u Rwanda rushegeshwa bikomeye na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Abanyarwanda bari barokotse ndetse n’abari batahutse bari bacyeneye ubuyobozi bwiza, atari gusa mu birebana na politiki, ariko kandi no mu kongera kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu. Mu buryo bugaragara. Ibi Umuryango FPR wabigezeho kuko wakoresheje amafaranga wari wasigaranye intambara irangiye, uyashora mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu, aribwo havukaga sosiyete Crystal Ventures.

Umunyamakuru Magnus Mazimpaka wa Rwanda Dispatch yegereye Umuyobozi wa Crystal Venture, Prof Nshuti Manasseh, amubaza byinshi kuri sosiyete akuriye. Ni mu kiganiro cyakozwe mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza twashyize mu Kinyarwanda.

Mazimpaka M : Kuri ubu Crystal Ventures yaba ifite agaciro kangana iki ?

Nshuti Manasseh : Agaciro ka sosiyete y’ubucuruzi karahindagurika. Kagenwa hagendewe cyane ku mafaranga yinjira n’asohoka, ingano y’ibigurishwa (...), gusa iyi sosiyete ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 500 z’amadolari y’amerika.

Havugwa byinshi kandi bitandukanye ku waba ari nyiri Crystal Ventures ndetse n’imikorere yayo. Bamwe bavuga ko ari iy’Umuryango FPR Inkotanyi, abandi bakavuga ko ari iya bamwe mu banyamuryango ba FPR. Ese ubu bwaba ari bwo buryo Crystal Venture yahisemo ?

Ndacyeka ibi biterwa no kutamenya ndetse no gufata ibintu uko bitari. Crystal Ventures ni igice cy’Umuryango FPR gikora ishoramari, aho Umuryango wifatanyije n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa ushora imari mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bitandukanye. Nta butoni dufite kuri guverinoma. Umuryango FPR ni umwe mu bashoramari. Abanyamuryango ba FPR bari bafite amafaranga, biyemeza kuyashora mu bikorwa bibyara inyungu.

Gusa hari uburyo ibi bikwiye kumvikana. Twari dufite igihugu cyari cyashegeshwe na Jenoside. Muri icyo gihe abantu ntibari bafite icyizere ko igihugu cyari kongera gusubira ku murongo. Nta kintu na kimwe cyari gihari cyari kubasha kureshya umushoramari ; ibintu ntibyari bimeze neza na gato. Nk’urugero muri icyo gihe, buri wese yari akeneye amazi, amata, umutobe n’ibindi, ariko kandi nta muntu wari gushora imari muri sosiyete nka Inyange Ltd.

Twanashoye imari mu birebana n’ubwubatsi mu gihe nta muntu wari gushora imari mu bikorwa nk’ibyo cyangwa ntawashakaga kubishoramo imari ye. Ibi nigeze kubikomozaho nkiri Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi ariko ntibyakiriwe neza.(...)FPR yafashe icyemezo cyo gushora imari mu bikorwa bitari kubona ababishoramo imari, ku ruhande rumwe bitewe n’uko abantu batari bafite imari yo gushora, ariko kandi twabikoze dufite intego yo guha icyizere Abanyarwanda cy’uko igihugu cyari kuzongera kigasubira ku murongo. Byasabye ko dutanga ikimenyetso cy’uko hari ukuntu ibintu byarimo biragendekera abandi bashoramari.

Ushobora gusobanura byisumbuyeho ibirebana n’iyo mishorere y’imari ?

Turi mu bucuruzi mu rwego rwo kunguka, ariko kandi tuzi neza n’abakiriya bacu. Dukora icyarimwe ibikorwa byinjiza inyungu ndetse n’ibifitiye benshi akamaro, dushora imari mu bikorwa bishobora kutwinjiriza inyungu, ndetse n’ibyo guverinoma yifuza ko abashoramari bakwibandaho ariko ugasanga babuze. Dushora imari mu bikorwa tuzi neza ko tuzunguka by’igihe kirekire.

Reka noneho turusheho kumvikanisha ibintu neza. Sosiyete Crystal Ventures yaba ari iya FPR cyangwa ni iy’abanyamuryango ba FPR ?

Crystal Ventures ni iy’abanyamuryango ba FPR, mu bafatanyabikorwa bayo harimo n’abandi bashoramari nka RSSB, ibigo by’abikorera ku giti cyabo ndetse n’abanyamahanga. Ubuyobozi bwa sosiyete buba bwatowe burebera inyungu za FPR nk’ishyaka, ntiburebera inyungu z’abantu ku giti cyabo.Nta muntu ku giti cye ufite imigabane muri Crystal Ventures. Nta muntu n’umwe uzaza ku giti cye ngo yake sheke. Muri macye, amafaranga yashowe muri Crystal Ventures ni ayasigaye intambara irangiye.

Wabaye Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi ndetse unaba umuyobozi mu myanya itandukanye kandi ikomeye muri guverinoma, aho wigeze no kuba umujyanama wa Perezida. Kuri ubu aho wabereye Umuyobozi wa Crystal Ventures, ni gute wowe ubwawe waba utifashisha uko kumenyana n’abayobozi mu nzego nyinshi mu kazi kawe ka buri munsi ?

Nta politiki n’imwe ya leta cyangwa amabwiriza runaka atonesha Crystal Ventures kuko iyi ni sosiyete yigenga bisesuye. Uramutse uzanye ibya politiki, icyo gihe ntuba uri muri Crystal Ventures. Twari dufite amafaranga nyuma y’intambara. Nyuma twibaza tuti "ese aya mafaranga tuyakoreshe iki ? Nta kuntu twayakoresha ngo tuzane impunduka mu bukungu bw’igihugu ? Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza twayashoramo, bitewe nuko Umuryango uba ushobora gukenera amafaranga mu gihe cy’amatora n’ibindi. Aho kugirango Umuryango ujye gushaka inkunga n’imisanzu mu masosiyete yigenga kugirango ubashe kubona amafaranga yo gukora ibikorwa byawo, aho wasanga ayo masosiyete asa nk’aba aguze ubutoni kuri FPR, yahisemo kwikorera ibikorwa byinjiza inyungu bityo, ikabona uko itera inkunga ibikorwa byayo ubwayo.

Byumvikane neza ko ibi byatewe nuko FPR yari ishyize imbere iterambere rirambye. Niba wifuza gukora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi kandi ugakorera amafaranga by’igihe kirekire, bikore mu buryo bw’ubucuruzi bisesuye. Niba wifuza kwica ibikorwa byawe by’ubucuruzi, bivange na politiki.

Kuki abaminisitiri bakomoka muri FPR, abayobozi mu nzego zitandukanye za Leta ndetse n’abandi banyepolitiki bari mu nzego zifata ibyemezo batakora politiki itonesha Crystal Ventures ?

Politiki ishyirwaho na guverinoma iba yemeranyijweho mu nama y’abaminisitiri, iyi ntigizwe n’abanyamuryango ba FPR gusa.

Ariko benshi mu bayigize bakomoka muri FPR.

Politiki iganirwaho ku buryo busesuye, sinkeka ko Crystal Ventures iza mu bitekerezo byabo iyo bari mu biganiro. Politiki runaka ya guverinoma ishyirwaho hatagendewe ku baba bitabiriye iyo nama. Amafaranga abanyamuryango ba FPR bari basigaranye, bahisemo kuyakoramo ubucuruzi bugamije inyungu mu rwego rwo kubashisha Umuryango gukora ibikorwa bitandukanye byawo. Mu by’ukuri, twatsinzwe mu masoko menshi, ariko kandi hari n’ayo twabashije gutsindira, gusa nta butoni dufite na mba.

Urugero, twaratsinzwe muri amwe mu mapiganwa yo kubaka imihanda ndetse n’amazu. Inzu nyinshi zubatswe na Roko, Strabag yatsindiye amasoko yo kubaka imihanda, amakompanyi y’Abashinwa nayo yatsindiye amasoko menshi. Ntitujya twinuba kuko tuzi neza ko mu ipiganwa abarusha abandi aribo batsinda.

Aho ntabwo gutanga amasoko amwe ku yandi masosiyete byaba bikoreshwa mu kuyobya uburari, bityo bikaba byarinda FPR kurebwa nabi ?

Crystal Ventures izi neza ko gutoneshwa ari bibi mu bucuruzi. Tuzi neza ko udashobora kubeshwaho no gutoneshwa bigendanye na politiki.Iyaba twatoneshwaga na guiverinoma tuba twunguka birenze uko bimeze ubu.

Wavuga iki ku bavuga ko mu gihe abandi bashoramari bibagora kubona igishoro, FPR ikura amafaranga mu masanduku ya leta ikayaha Crystal Ventures ?

Ibyo birego nigeze kubyumva, ariko uku ni ukutamenya.Icya mbere, ntiduhabwa amabwiriza n’ubunyamabanga bwa FPR, dukora ubucuruzi mu buryo bw’umwuga. Iyaba ari uko byari bimeze, bari kujya babwira abo duhangana mu mapiganwa bati "mwitanga amabahasha yanyu", ubwo bagategeka guverinoma guha isoko Crystal Venture ariko ibyo sindigera mbibona na rimwe.

Ibyo byaba bisobanuye ko mutoneshejwe mwabyanga ?

Nta muntu n’umwe wakwanga gutoneshwa. Ndufuza ko twatoneshwa, ariko ntibikunda kubw’amahirwe macye. Icya kabiri, si byiza kuko ntushobora kubeshwaho n’ubutoni. Nta butoni dukura ku wari we wese. Ibi ni ukuri. Ushobora kubirebera muri raporo z’abagenzuzi (audits).

U Rwanda, mu buryo bumwe na bumwe ni ahantu hatoroshye ; gusa uhakoreye aba ashobora kunguka cyane. Crystal Ventures biragara ko yamaze kumenyera bifatika isoko ry’u Rwanda kurusha undi mushoramari. Ushobora kudusangiza uko ubyumva.

Hari ibyiza, ku rundi ruhande hari n’imbogamizi. Ibyiza birimo kuba ushobora gukorera amafaranga mu gihe washoye imari ahanyaho. Icya kabiri, bitewe nuko hakiri byinshi bishya byo gukora, ushobora gusarura amafaranga mu myaka micye mbere y’uko abandi nabo batangira gukora nk’ibyo ukora. Gusa ku rundi ruhande hari imbogamizi, hari igihe ushora imari ariko bigatwara igihe kugirango umenyere.

Nyuma ya Jenoside, hari hakenewe isosiyete nyarwanda ikora imirimo y’ubwubatsi. Twashoye imari mu kugura amamashini kabuhariwe. Icyo gihe twiyemeje kubikora mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko habaho kompanyi yo hanze iza gukorare mu Rwanda ikananirwa nyuma ikigendera, mu gihe nta mihanda twari dufite.

Reba nk’ubu iyo uruganda Inyange ruba ruri mu maboko y’uwikorera ku giti cye, yarangiza akavuga ati "sinzongera gutunganya amata", icyo gihe ni aborozi bacu b’i Nyagatare n’ahandi bagwa mu gihombo. Nibaza ko ibi ari ibikorwa twagiye dushoramo imari ahanini tureba icyateza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu. Byumvikane neza ko twunguka, nubwo tutunguka cyane. Muri macye, dushora imari aho abandi badashaka kuyishora, Muri iki gihe dukoresha amafaranga avuye muri za banki, mu gihe cyashize twakoreshaga amafaranga yacu (ayasigaye kuyatangwaga n’abanyamuryango ba FPR mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu) mu ishoramari, ariko kuri ubu rimwe na rimwe tuguza banki iyo tugiye gushora imari mu bikorwa bitandukanye.

Umuyobozi wa Crystal Ventures Prof Nshuti Mannaseh ari mu biro bye

Ni izihe mbogamizi zikomeye zigaragara ku isoko ry’u Rwanda abandi bashoramari bakwiye kumenya ?

Ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bwatumye habaho guhiganwa gukomeye (competition). Hari amata aturuka Uganda, kenshi usanga anahendutse. Ibaze amata aba yakuwe i Kampala ariko ugasanga arahendutse kurusha aya Inyange. Hashobora kuba harimo ikibazo mu buryo bashyiraho ibiciro, cyangwa se babigusha nkana (dumping) ; bashobora ahari kuba batishyura imisoro ku mupaka. Ni gute amata yo mui Uganda yaba ahendutse cyangwa ari ku giciro kimwe n’icy’ayacu ?

Amazi aturuka muri Kenya arahendutse kurusha ayacu, ibi ntibiterwa n’uko Kenya ifite amazi menshi kurusha u Rwanda (...) Uburiganya burimo ibyabwo ni birebire. Nkubwije ukuri ntaho bihuriye n’amafaranga aba yatanzwe mu ikorwa ry’ibicuruzwa, ahubwo ni uburiganya. Ntiwambwira ukuntu uzakura amazi i Nairobi ubundi ukaza guhangana natwe i Kigali. Ntibishoboka uramutse ugendeye ku misoro, ibikoresho biba byifashishijwe, amafaranga y’urugendo n’ibindi. Dufate ko imisoro tuyikuyeho, ukagaragaza ko igicuruzwa cyagutwaye macye mu kugikora, aho ushobora guhangana ku isoko.

Aha waba ushaka kugaragaraza ko amasosiyete yo mu Rwanda atarimo kungukira mu bufatanye hagati y’ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ?

Ibikoresho by’ibanze muri ibi bihugu birahendutse cyane kandi ubunini bw’inganda zaho butuma bashobora kumanura cyane ibiciro. Bimaze kuba imvugo imenyerewe ko amasosiyete yo mu Rwanda akomeje kutoroherwa n’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu byo mu Muryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Ntitubashije guhangana. Birashoboka hagize ibihinduka. Mu Rwanda twishyurira imisoro buri kintu cyose, ibi si ko bimeze kuri sosiyete nyinshi mu zikorera muri ibi bihugu. Ibi bituma ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byacu bisa nk’ibiri hejuru. Ariko se ni gute uzajya guhangana n’umuntu ufite kontineri icumi, akishyurira imisoro imwe muri zo, izindi ntizishyurirwe ? Ibaze ko hariya ushobora no gukura mu mahanga ibikoresho by’ibanze nta misoro wishyuye. Hano ntitwabikora. Twishyura imisoro kuri buri kintu cyose.

Hanze aha abakoresha ibicuruzwa byanyu barinubira ko biba biri ku biciro byo hejuru. Ndetse na Perezida yabikomojeho ubwo hafungurwaga ku mugaragaro uruganda rw’amakaro "East African Granite Industries".

Tugurisha ku biciro bitubashisha kunguka. Ariko kandi, wasanga Perezida yaravugaga ukuri ugendeye ku kuba rubanda ruciriritse badashobora kugura bimwe mu bicuruzwa byacu.

Tugaruke gato kuri FPR. Abanyamuryango ba FPR ni iki bungukira muri Crystal Ventures, ese ni nde muri bo wunguka ?

Iyo Umuryango ushatse inyungu yavuye mu bikorwa byacu turayitanga, aho kwaka abikorera ku giti cyabo amafaranga, nk’uko bikorwa mu bihugu byateye imbere, aho usanga isosiyete runaka yaka ishyaka yateye inkunga inyungu ziyigarukaho. Ntitwifuza gukorera mu kwaha kwa buri wese. Binabashisha Umuryango kubona ubushobozi bwo kugira icyo ukora mu gihe hari aho bicyenewe habuze ababikora.

Ni nde Crystal Ventures iha raporo y’imikorere yayo ?

Biterwa n’igikorwa icyo ari cyo. Iyo ari igikorwa cyahuriweho n’abashoramari batandukanye, dutanga raporo ku banyamigabane. Iyo ari igikorwa twashoyemo ubwacu ntabufatanye, dutanga raporo kuri FPR.

Bamwe mu banyamuryango batakivuga rumwe na FPR, nka Karegeya na Kayumba bavuga ko abo hejuru muri FPR ari bo bonyine bungukira muri Crystal Ventures.

Kayumba arabizi ko tutigeze dukoresha amafaranga na macye ya guverinoma, nta n’urupfumuye. Mu by’ukuri ni FPR yagurije amafaranga guverinoma, nyuma yo guhomba burundu kwa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu nyuma y’intambara. Abantu bari bamaze gusahura amafaranga y’u Rwanda ndetse n’amadovize yose. Ni FPR yagurije miliyoni 9 z’amadolari guverinoma y’u Rwanda none kugeza n’ubu guverinoma ntirishyura aya mafaranga. Ntushobora gukura amafaranga muri Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu uko wiboneye, IMF iba ikurikiranira hafi uko guverinoma ikoresha amafaranga, by’umwihariko iyo hari gahunda runaka batera inkunga.

Ni kuki abantu bakwemera ibyo uvuga ntibagendere kubyo bo bavuga ? Ufite ububasha na buri kintu cyose gikenewe, ku rundi ruhande bazi neza uko FPR ikora, sibyo ?

Ntibifututse kuvuga ko abanyamuryango ba FPR bakoresha amafaranga ya guverinoma ku nyungu zabo bwite. Nakwizeza ko nta muntu n’umwe yaba minisitiri cyangwa Perezida wa Repubulika ushobora kujya muri Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu ngo yake amafaranga. Nta mafaranga namwe ava muri Banki Nkuru ngo azanwe muri Crystal Ventures, nta na macye.

Ariko Kayumba yari mu nama y’ubutegetsi ya Crystal Ventures, ndacyeka ko aba azi neza ibyo aba avuga. Urabivugaho iki ?

Ni byo koko (yari mu nama y’ubutegetsi). Amafaranga ya Crystal Ventures ni ay’abanyamuryango ba FPR ndetse Umuryango ugenda ukoresha amwe muri yo mu gutera inkunga ibikorwa byawo. Mu matora aheruka y’Umukuru w’Igihugu, Crystal Ventures yatanze 50% by’ingengo y’imari yakoreshejwe na FPR. Twateye kandi inkunga ingana na miliyoni 300 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda iyizihizwa ry’isabukuru y’imyaka 25 FPR imaze ishinzwe, iyi ni nayo ngengo y’imari rusange yakoreshejwe. Ubusanzwe abanyamuryango ni bo bari kwikora ku mufuka.

Perezida yaba akurikiranira hafi bingana iki imigendekere myiza y’ibikorwa bya Crystal Ventures na FPR ?

Bitewe nuko Perezida ari we Muyobozi wa FPR (Chairman), bituma aba n’Umuyobozi wa Crystal Ventures ariko atari mu buryo bw’imikorere. Nk’Umuyobozi, aba akeneye kumenya uko tumerewe, gusa si umunsi ku munsi. Tumugaragariza raporo umwaka urangiye. Nta ruhare agira mu bikorwa byacu bya buri munsi kuko uwo mwanya adashobora kuwubona.Yizera ko ibyemezo bifatwa n’ubuyobozi biba biganisha ibikorwa aheza.

Gira icyo umbwira ku mafaranga FPR yashoye hanze y’u Rwanda.

Twashoye imari mu Rwanda no hirya no hino ku isi.

Mwaba muteganya kurushaho gushora imari mu bihugu bitandukanye ?

Yego, turi muri icyo cyerekezo, gusa byose biterwa n’amafaranga. Kuri ubu ducyeneye guhuriza hamwe ibikorwa byacu. Nyinshi muri sosiyete zacu ziracyari mu ntangiriro. Ntushobora gutangiza ibindi bikorwa mu gihe utarashyira neza ku murongo ibyo usanganwe.(...)

Ni gute umuturage usanzwe yaba yungukira muri Crystal Ventures ?

Inyungu ku muturage ni ntagereranywa. Dukoresha abantu bagera ku 70,000, iyo wongereyeho abandi duha akazi mu buryo butaziguye, aba bagera ku 10,000. Uruganda Inyange rufitiye akamaro aborozi baduha amata kuko tubishyura. Crystal Ventures yubatse imihanda mu biturage aho andi masosiyete atari yiteguye gushora imari. Crystal Ventures ni imwe mu masosiyete yishyura imisoro myinshi mu gihugu. Nibaza ko abantu bari bakwiye kwishimira ko habayeho igitekerezo cyiza cyo gushinga Crystal Ventures.

Crystal Ventures izakomeza gutera imbere nka sosiyete nini yibumbiyemo izindi, hazabaho guhuriza hamwe ibikorwa ndetse no kurushaho gukorera mu bindi bihugu byo mu Karere. Turifuza gufungura urundi ruganda rwa Inyange muri Uganda ndetse no mu Burundi. Turifuza kandi gukomeza gushora imari aho abandi batifuza kuyishora cyangwa se bakaba babura igishoro.