IMYAKA 50 Y’UBWIGENGE IDUSIGIYE IGIHUGU KIRAMBARAYE HASI ! (leprophete.fr)

Kigali taliki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, ku munsi w'ubwigenge !

 

 IRIBURIO

  

Ubwigenge ni ijambo ry’ikinyarwanda riva ku nshinga kwigenga, muri rusange risobanura gutekereza, kuvuga, guhitamo no gukora icyo ushaka kigufitiye akamaro wowe ubwawe, igihe ushakiye ntawe ugushyizeho agahato cyangwa ngo agukumire. N’ubwo ijambo ubwigenge rifatwa nka “independence” gusa (mu gifaransa), ariko rikubiyemo n’igitekerezo cyo kwishyira ukizana (liberté). Ntibitandukanywa.

 

Iyo witegereje muri iyi si dutuyeho, abantu ndetse n’ibindi biremwa, ubona ko ubwigenge ari ikintu kiri muri buri kiremwa, ndetse ukabona ko rwose buri kiremwa, atari abantu gusa, iyo kibujijwe ubwo bwigenge kigerageza kubuharanira: inyamaswa iyo uyitangiriye ukayibuza kugera aho yashakaga kujya, irazenguruka igakomeza yerekeza aho ishaka kugera, cyangwa ikirwanaho ikakurya; ikimera iyo ugipfukiranye, gikora ku buryo budasanzwe maze kikazenguruka, cyangwa kigapfumura kugeza igihe kigereye ku zuba ryo rigiha ubuzima. Hari n’ibimera mu mwanya wo kuryana nk’inyamaswa byo bikoresha imisemburo cyangwa ubumara (enzymes) bushwanyaguza izo nzitizi.

Kuba tuvuga ko u Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, bisobanura ko mbere y’aho rutari rufite ubwo bwigenge. Amateka ya hafi atubwira ko ubwo bwigenge ngo Abanyarwanda babwambuwe igihe abakoloni b’Abadage bazaga kurutegeka.

 

Ikibazo nyamukuru ariko ni iki : “Ese mbere ya 1885 Abanyarwanda bari bafite ubwigenge? Kuki se bategereje imyaka irenga 70 ngo babusabe?”

 

Nyamara, ntizimbye mu magambo, amateka nanone atubwira ko mbere y’icyo gihe, igice kimwe cy’Abanyarwanda cyane cyane abo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu batari bafite ubwo bwigenge, kubera ko bari bahatswe, bakoreshwa imirimo y’agahato n’Abatutsi, bategekwa n’abami babafiteho uburenganzira bwose, ubwo kubica no kubakiza.

Kimwe mu biranga isi n’ibiyituye ni uko ibintu bihora bisimburana iteka kandi bitera imbere (évolution), buri gihe kandi bikajyana n’impinduka zikomeye. Ibi nibyo byabaye mu 1959 ubwo rubanda rugufi rwumvise ko rugomba gutera indi ntambwe rukava mu buhake, rukavanaho ubwami, bwari burutsikamiye, ndetse bukajyana n’ubukoloni nk’uko mu bindi bihugu byari birimo kugenda. Byumvikane ko abari babeshejweho n’ubuhake n’uburetwa batabyihanganiye, ndetse bagerageje kubirwanya bashishikaye, ariko kandi burya ntawe ushobora kubuza ko ibintu bihora bisimburana iteka, ntawe ushobora gukumira “évolution”. Iyo hari abantu banze ko bihinduka ku neza, batuma bihinduka ku nabi. Icyari “évolution” kigahinduka “révolution”. Nguko rero uko mu Rwanda iyo “evolution” yabimburiwe na “révolution populaire” yo mu w’1959, yakurikiwe no gushyiraho Republika kuri 25 09 1961 ndetse no gusezerera abakoloni b’Ababiligi le 01 07 1962. Iyi ntambwe ya gatatu niyo abenshi bita ubwigenge ariko ni agace gato k’iyo “evolution”. Ubwigenge bwuzuye bwaranzwe no:

a.Gukuraho ubuhake no guca umuco mubi wo kwiharira umutungo w’igihugu.

  

b.Gukuraho imitegekere y’ingoma ya cyami igasimbuzwa Repubulika

  

c.Gukuraho uburetwa no gusezerera abakoloni

 

Ngibi ibintu 3 bigize iriya “révolution” yo muri 1959 bigakubirwa mu ijambo ryisweUBWIGENGE. Ubusanzwe “révolution” bivuga “Gusezerera ibyariho, bikaranduranwa n’imizi ku buryo bitazasubira (To break away with the past in a fundamental and irreversible shift)”.

A. FPR irwanya ubwigenge ikarenga ikabwizihiza : Ihunga umurizo wayo igwa ruhabo!

  

Ahantu hose ku isi “Evolution” na “Révolution” birarwanywa : ibi nibyo byabaye ubwo muri 1959-1962 na nyuma yaho, Abatutsi b'intagondwa barwanyije iyi mpidura-matwara bivuye inyuma, bagera n’aho bivamo bati : “Abahutu ntitwagabana nabo ubutegetsi kuko hagabana abava indimwe kandi nta sano dusangiye”. Bati “...bamye ari abagaragu n’abagererwa bacu bigomba guhora bityo iteka ryose...”  (Reba ibaruwa y’abagaragu b’Ibwami yasohotse kuri uru rubuga)...Iyi myitwarire y’ubutagondwa niyo yateye imvururu zavuyemo guhunga kw’abo Batutsi. Ubu FPR y'ukuri (uretse abiyitirira uwo muryango !) iyobowe n’abana n’abuzukuru b’abo Batutsi bari barahunze, irashishikaye mu guhakana ko u Rwanda nta bwigenge rwabonye:

Umusaza Pasteur Mpyisi Ezra (wari umujyanama w’umwami Rudahigwa akaba no mu nama nkuru y’igihugu) ati “Ubwigenge bwatanzwe mu mafuti”, “buhabwa abatarabusabye”.

Umusaza Karyabwite we ati “ni ikinamico yabayeho, nta bwigenge nyakuri u Rwanda rwabonye kuko ababiligi aribo basaga n’aho bagifite ububasha bwo gutegeka” “Incabwenge”.

  

 Prof. Kubwimana we arihanukira ati: “Nta bwigenge u Rwanda rwabonye nta n’ubwo bwasubijwe nk’uko bivugwa na bamwe, ahubwo ibintu byarushijeho kuzamba ari nako bigenda nabi, kuko umukoloni yaduka mu kinyejyana cya 19 yasanze u Rwanda ari igihugu gikomeye kinihagazeho, gitera ntigiterwe..” Arongera ati: “Kuva mu mwaka 1994 Jenoside ikimara guhagarikwa nemera ko u Rwanda rwabonye ubuyobozi bushya, bityo urugendo rwo kwibohora rwahise rutangira aho Umunyarwanda wese atangiye gutekereza uburyo yakwihesha agaciro”.

Perezida Paul Kagame we ati “Mbere ya 1994 u Rwanda ntirwabagaho”“...ubu tugomba kwihesha agaciro...”!

Iyo usomye ibi bitekerezo bitangwa n’aba basaza bitwa ko ari inararibonye ndetse na perezida wabo, wibaza impamvu ibatera kugoreka amateka ya vuba aha bene aka kageni bikakuyobera. Kwivuguruza no kwinyuraguramwo kwa FPR ntibigira iherezo: Niba aba basaza bavuga ko nta bwigenge u Rwanda rwabonye, leta ya FPR irimo kwizihiza isabukuru y’iki? Niba ubwigenge bwarahawe abatarabusabye, abagombaga kubuhabwa ni bande? Kubera iki? Nongere nibutse FPR ko ubu tugeze mu kinyejana cya 21 aho impinduka zirimo kuza zihuta cyane, gukomeza kurwanya “révolution” na “évolution” y’abantu ni nko guhunga igicucu cyayo bwite, ibyo kandi amaherezo bizayigusha ruhabo. Igitutu ntabwo aricyo cyakwibukije FPR ko igomba kwizihiza itariki y’ubwigenge ngo nirangiza ipfundikanye, ishake abasaza bo kuyikura mu isoni...! Ese ubundi kuki nta muyobozi wa Leta wigeze asonga mu ry’aba basaza ndeba bashaje babeshya...! Ese ni uko nta mateka abo bayobozi bazi?

B.IYI MYAKA 50 Y’UBWIGENGE IDUSIGIYE IKI?

 

1.Ubwicanyi ndengakamere, umwiryane, inzangano, urwikekwe, ubucamanza bw’ubwoko bumwe :

 

Insanganyamatsiko y’iyi sabukuru FPR yayise “50 years of resilience” ugenekereje ni nko kuvuga ngo “imyaka 50 yo kutadohoka” ariko abamenyereye imvugo ya FPR bisobanuye ngo “imyaka 50 yo kutava ku izima”.

 

FPR niyumve ko gukumira “révolution” na “évolution” y’abantu ari nko gushaka kugomera isumo rya Rusumo. Uku kutava ku izima kw’abakamiwe n’ubwami, bagatungwa no guhaka bakarenzaho kwiharira ubutegetsi, bagakura bazi ko bari hejuru y’abandi Banyarwabda bose, bakabitoza urubyaro rwabo, niko kwateje iki gihugu umubabaro urenze urugero n’akangaratete kirimo kugeza kuri uyu munsi twizihiza imyaka 50 y’ubwigenge. Uku kutava ku izima niko kwabaye intandaro y’imvururu zo mu w’1959 zasojwe no guhunga kw’Abatutsi batabarika. Uku kutava ku izima niko kwateje jenoside nyarwanda yo mu w’1994. Ushaka umuti yawushakira aha, ntabwo yawushakira muri Gacaca y’ubwoko bumwe, kuko ntawo yabona, byaba nko gushakira amata ku kimasa.

 

Iyi sabukuru y'imyaka 50 idusigiye amarira n’agahinda, idusigiye imfubyi za jenoside, amagufwa asize verini (vernis) yanamye mu tubati mu gihugu cyose n’ahandi mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari, idusigiye amagufwa yanamye mu mashyamba ya Congo n’ahandi, idusigiye imfungwa zuzuye muri gereza, idusigiye umwiryane, n’urwango mu muryango-nyarwanda wahungabanijwe n’ikinamico ry’inkiko gacaca zo kubamba Abahutu. Ariko igikomeye cyane, idusigiye abicanyi-ruharwa ba FPR-Inkotanyi boretse imbaga y’Abanyarwanda nyamara bakaba badahanwa. Igihe kirageze ngo abo bicanyi bayogoje aka karere k’ibiyaga bigari bafatwe, bavanwe mu bantu bajye mu nkiko bahanwe. Nguyu umutwaro twikoreye twese !

 

2.Irondakoko, irondakarere: 

 

Iyi sabukuru y'imyaka 50 idusigiye umuryango-nyarwanda ushwanyagujwe n’irondakoko ritigeze ribaho mu gihe cyashize. Mu gihe FPR irimo itsindagira mu mitwe yacu n’iy’abanyamahanga ko nta bwoko bukibaho mu Rwanda, ko n’ikimenyimenyi yabuvanye mu ndangamuntu yaduhaye, ku rundi ruhande irashishikaye yigisha ivangura-moko abana bamwe ibumbira mu miryango y’INTORE, AERG, GAERG, IBUKA, AVEGA n’iyindi, aho isya itanzitse ibumvisha ko nta Mututsi wategetswe n’Umuhutu ko Urwanda rutabagaho, ahubwo rwaremwe n’abakurambere b’Abatutsi....Iyi myaka idusigiye irondakoko n’irondakarere mu bucuruzi, mu mashuri, mu itangwa rya buruse, mu itangwa ry’akazi, mu gisilikari, mu kubona inguzanyo mu mabanki, mu itangwa ry’ibibanza, mu kwivuza, mu bindi byose leta  igomba gukorera umuturage (services). Aya mahano ya FPR uburyo azandikwa nk’amateka biteye kwibaza.

 

3.Impunzi zihunga buri munsi:

 

Iyi myaka 50 idusigiye Abanyarwanda benshi mu ngeri zose, (abaturage, abajijutse, abasaza, urubyiruko,...Abahutu n’Abatutsi) ari impunzi zinyanyagiye ku isi yose mu bihugu by’imigabane yose y’isi. Idusigiye kandi impunzi z’abaturanyi zanamye ku misozi y’Urwanda, i Nkamira, Gikongoro na Byumba. Idusigiye Perezida ujya gusaba imfashanyo akakirwa n’induru y’Abanyarwanda ubundi bakamuhaye impundu. Igitangaje ariko ni uko izi mpunzi ziyongera umunsi ku munsi, ndetse zikaba zihigwa bunyamaswa n’abatasi n’abarozi boherejwe kuzirimbura. Indwara itera ubu buhunzi-karande ni imikorere ya FPR yiyemeje gukora nk’abacanshuro ariko nyamara yaraje idusezeranya ko igiye guca ubuhunzi. Ese ubu ntabwo FPR ibona neza ko abayigize bashobora kongera guhunga ? Aho bahungira ni cyo kibazo kuko bamaze kuba aka ya mpyisi ngo “Nta gasozi ntarahenaho”!

 

4.Intambara z’urudaca mu baturanyi:

 

Iyi myaka 50 isize igihugu kiri mu ntambara cyashowemo n’Agatsiko k’abacanshuro ba FPR. Muri 1994, Kagame Paul yavugiye kuri Radio Muhabura ati “iyi intamabara ni iya nyuma mu bana b’Urwanda”. Uwabara intambara Kagame yagiye ashoramo abana bacu iyo mu mashyamba ya Congo ntiyazirangiza. Intego y’izi ntambara zidashira ni inyota idasanzwe y’agatsiko kagize FPR yo gusahura no kwigwizaho umutungo. Ubu twizihiza isabukuru y’ubwigenge, turahabwa na gasopo y’abayobozi ba Amerika bihanangiriza Kagame kudakomeza kwica no gusahura Abanyekongo. Turizera dukomeje ko Kagame niba atarimo guterekera ibitero byo kunyaga inka byakorwaga n’abami ba kera, ko azakura ibihato mu matwi akumva ko Kongo ikeneye amahoro nayo. Kuba ku munsi w’ubwigenge yari yicaranye na Perezida Jakaya Kikwete wa Tanzaniya gusa, byagombye kumubera akabarore we n’izindi ntore ko igihugu kitagira inshuti ntaho kigana.

 

5.Imfungwa za politiki zuzuye gereza:

 

Iyi myaka 50 idusigiye amarira y’imfungwa za politiki ziyemeje kutaniganwa ijambo, zafashe urugero kuri Gitera Joseph, Kayibanda Grégoire, Mbonyumutwa Dominique n’abandi. Idusigiye urukuta rw’amategeko ubundi rwakabaye urwo kurinda abenegihugu ahubwo rwahindutse ibuye ry’igisitaza (pierre d’achoppement). Madame Victoire Ingabire, Deo Mushayidi, M^e Ntaganda Bernard, Abanyamakuru, Abapadiri, n’abandi bararangurura ijwi ngo “ntimucike intege, FPR na Kagame ntibarusha ubukana n’ubugome ingoma za ba sekuruza”. Iyi myaka 50 isize demokrasi abakurambere FPR yibuka uyu munsi baharaniye, ibaye nk’akamizwe n’ingoma, kaboneka ari uko imenetse.

 

6.Ubusahuzi no kwigwizaho umutungo kw’agatsiko, Ubukene mu baturage, ubushomeri mu rubyiruko.

 

Iyi myaka 50 y’ubwigenge isigiye Abanyarwanda bamwe ubukene, abandi ibasigira umurengwe, mbese nk’uko byahozeho ku ngoma za cyami. Agatsiko gato k’Abatutsi b’indobanure karangajwe imbere na Paul Kagame kigaruriye umutungo wose w’igihugu. Ubucuruzi bwose bwikubiwe nako binyuze mucyo bise Crystal Venture (ifite kompanyi z’udushami turenze 10). Amafaranga ava mu misoro n’imfashanyo by’abaturage nayo anyanyagiye ku isi mu mabaki y’i Burayi, Ubushinwa, Amerika y’amajyepfo, Koreya na Afurika. Imitungo itimukanwa nayo ni uko.

 

Buri mwaka abaturage twibutswa na raporo z’umugenzuzi w’imali ko imisoro twatanze umwaka ushize, hari iyabashije kunyerezwa mu rwego rwo “kwihesha agaciro”, tukumva abadepite bavugira mu matamatama ariko ubuzima bugakomeza, tugakomeza gukeneshwa. Mu kandi kanya tukabwirwa ko ingo 310.000 gusa mu gihugu gituwe na miliyoni 10 z’abantu arizo zifite amashanyarazi. Urubyiruko, ari ururangije kaminuza n’urutarize ruzahajwe n’ubukene, bwo kutagira imirimo, cyakora ariko rurimo koherezwa korora ingurube, ariko nta gishoro ruhawe !

 

Amafaranga atanyerejwe arasesagurwa mu murengwe uteye iseseme, kuko ari umwera uturutse ibukuru:

 

Urugero : Mu mezi 6 gusa, kuva uyu mwaka watangira kugera muri Kamena, Perezida Kagame amaze gukorera mu mahanga ingendo 14: Dubai (08/01), Kampala (25/01), Addis Ababa (28/01), Benin (18/02), Rome (21/02), Istanbul (21/03), Washington (28/03), Thessaloniki (1/04), Arusha (28/04), Addis Ababa (08/05), Oskaloosa, Iowa (12/05), London (06/06), Kampala (12/06). Ni ukuvuga ko buri kwezi nibura asohoka inshuro 2 mu gihugu, amafaranga akoresha arenze igipimo,  ikizwi ni uko arara mu mahoteli yo hejuru cyane, aho icyumba kigura amadolari ibihumbi 20 ku ijoro rimwe, akaba akodesha kuri Leta ayoboye, indege ze bwite.Ni nko kuzishakira imirimo !

 

Buri gihe kandi iyo agarutse, amanuka i Kanombe akubita akavugirizo agira ati“intore ntiganya, tugomba kwihesha agaciro” ! Ibyo arabivuga ariko mu cyaro nibura 52% by’abana bato (kimwe n’abasaza n’abakecuru) barwaye bwaki, arabivuga kandi ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ririmo gutakaza agaciro ryihuta, kuko uyu munsi ririmo kuvunja 630 USD rivuye kuri 604 USD mu kwezi kwa Mutarama. Byamuyobera ati “nsubiye Congo”, atitaye ko amazi atakiri yayandi. Arabivuga kandi mu giturage ubukene bunuma kuko imali ya Leta yihariwe n’inzego zo hejuru z’ubutegetsi, izo hasi zigahabwa inticantikize, ahubwo zigategekwa kwishakira imisoro mu baturage; abalimu, abasilikare bato barahembwa ikinya na cyo cyanze kubahuhura !

 

7.Amahoro n’umutekano byabaye “mpiru na nyoni”:

Iyi myaka 50 idusigiye imitima yuzuye ubwoba no kwiheba, Abanyarwanda baragijwe imbuda. Nibura kuri buri musozi w’u Rwanda hari ihema ry’abasilikare, bariyongera ku nkeragutabara, abapolisi, maneko na Local Defense muri buri mudugudu. Abasilikare baranyanyagizwa buri saa cyenda z’amanywa ku mihanda y’umurwa mukuru, bambariye intambara ukibaza uwo baje kurwana nawe buri munsi bikagushobera ! Umunyarwanda aribaza ati “ejo nzamera nte ?” Twabaye nka ka kanyoni karitse ku nzira gahora karirimba kati “Nzapfa, nzakira, simbizi”. Intore ziradutsindagira mu mitwe ko dufite amahoro, nyamara nta mahoro nyakuri, nta n’umutekano nyawo twifitiye.

 

8.Ubwiyongere bukabije bw’abaturage:

Iyi myaka 50 idusigiye igihugu gituwe cyane. Abanyarwanda ubu babarirwa muri miliyoni zirenga 10. Imisozi iranamye yabaye agasi, inkangu ntizisiba guhitana abaturage, imigezi yabaye ibigina kubera ubutaka itwara mu bihugu by’amajyaruguru y’Afrika, ibishanga byarakamye nyuma yo guterwamwo urubingo n’umucaca wo kuragiramo ingweba. FPR na Kagame ntacyo bibabwiye, ahubwo baririrwa batwumvisha ko ubukungu bw’Urwanda bwifashe neza, ko iki gihugu ari Singapore y’ Afurika.

9.Igihugu kidafite amateka

Iyi myaka 50 idusigiye igihugu kitagira amateka. Iyo utazi amateka ntumenya n’aho ugana. FPR yahisemo gupfundikanya umwanda iwita amateka yigisha mu ngando zigenewe kwoza Abahutu mu mutwe ngo “ibyo bonse mu mabere ya ba nyina”. Ariko se Abatutsi bo bigishwa ayahe mateka? Ese ibyo bigishwa ni ukuri cyangwa ni ibinyoma? Ni iki gituma FPR itinya kwandika amateka ngo yigishwe? Iyi ngingo nzayigarukaho mu buryo burambuye vuba aha.

 

UMWANZURO

 

U Rwanda rugeze aharindimuka, ubwigenge abakurambere baharaniye bwanyukanyutswe n’agatsiko ka FPR. Ntabwo uyu munsi twakwibaza ngo u Rwanda ruhagaze rute nyuma y’imyaka 50 rubonye ubwigegenge, kuko u Rwanda rurambaraye hasi, “ruri kuri muteremuko”, ahubwo turibaza ngo u Rwanda ruragana he?

 

Nk’uko Paul Kagame yabivuze le 01/07/2012 mu rurimi rw’icyongereza, agira ati: “Some of these weaknesses (...) are within our means to correct. But we will only succeed if we are brave and honest enough to accept responsibility for our actions and reject the inconvenient attitude of playing the victim and blaming others....The victim attitude prevents us from seeking our own solutions to the challenges we face....”

 

Aya magambo ajya gusa n’aya kandi yavuzwe na Senateur Ntawukuriryayo J Damascene vuba aha ubwo yagiraga ati:

 

“.....umwanzi wacu rusange ntabwo ari Umukoloni, ahubwo ni ubukene bw’akarande, ubujiji, amacakubiri, kutigirira icyizere n’ibindi, kandi ndemera ko Abakoloni bagawe bihagije, ubu igihe kikaba kigeze kugirango twebwe Abanyafurika twiyubakire ejo hazaza heza kandi tubifitiye ubushobozi....”

 

Ni byiza ko FPR na Kagame bamaze kubona ko kubakira ku kinyoma ntaho biganisha igihugu. FPR nihindure imikorere vuba na bwangu, niba kandi itabikoze, ndahamagarira Abanyarwanda mwese : Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa b’umutima ukunda igihugu, guhaguruka mukibohora, mugafata icyemezo cyo kubana mu mahoro no kubaka igihugu kigendera ku mahame ya demokarasi, kubaha uburenganzira bwa muntu, ariko cyane cyane gukora no gusangira ibyiza by’igihugu harimo n’ubutegetsi. Ibi murabishoboye.

 

 

Mugire amahoro

 

Kagoyire Mwema Elizabeth,

Kacyiru Kigali

Po. Box: 3609 Kigali