Agatsiko k’Abasajya kasubije Abanyarwanda mu bucakara bwariho mbere y'1959 !(leprophete.fr)

Ku ifoto, uhereye i Bumoso:

1.Makuza Anastase(se wa Makuza Bernard ),yabaye prezida w'Inteko nshingamategek(Yakundaga kuvuga ko ari Primus inter pares=uwambere mu bareshya !); 

2.Dominiko Mbonyumutwa : Perezida w'agateganyo  wa REPUBULIKA ya mbere.

3.Isodore Nzeyimana: Perezida wa mbere w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga.

Biturutse ku karengane gakabije bakorerwaga karimo uburetwa, ikiboko n’ubuhake, bamwe mu Bahutu babashije kwiga batangiye guhagurukira kurwanira uburenganzira bwabo. Muri abo harimo Gregoire Kayibanda wari umwanditsi mukuru wa Kinyamateka mu 1954 na Aloys Munyangaju wari umwanditsi muri Temps Nouveaux d’Afrique yandikirwaga Usumbura (Bujumbura). Aba bagabo bahaye urubuga Abahutu barandika karahava, kuburyo ikibazo cy’amoko mu Rwanda cyahindutse ikibazo giteye inkeke, abari ku butegetsi batangira kugira ubwoba bashakisha ukuntu bazabugumaho. Icyo gihe Abahutu na bo bamenye ko ari bo benshi, ko bafite ingufu zihagije kugira ngo bashobore gufata ubutegetsi. Abantu barushijeho gushyushywa imitwe n’inama yari yabereye i Bandoeng muri Indoneziya mu 1955 yari yemeje ko ibihugu byose bigomba kwigenga, ko nta gihugu gifite ububasha bwo gukandamiza ikindi. Abahutu bashakaga kubohoza ahanini rubanda rugufi mbere yo kwaka ubwigenge kuko babonaga ko ubwigenge bubonetse Abahutu bakiri mu buja byari kuba birangiye, isi ahari ikarinda ishira bakiburimo dore ko Umuhutu byavugaga umucakara.

Abahutu bahagurukira kurwanya akarengane

Ni muri urwo rwego amashyirahamwe menshi yavutse, kubera ko Ababiligi batemeraga amashyaka ya politiki. Ni bwo ku itariki ya 19 Werurwe 1955,umupadiri witwa Sitanisilasi Bushayija afatanyije na Lazaro Ndazaro, Prosperi Bwanakweri na Rwigemera murumuna w’umwami Rudahigwa, bashingiye ku Kamonyi ishyirahamwe ryitwa “ Mouvement Démocratique Progressiste”. Mu 1956, Abatutsi bashyizeho ishyirahamwe ry’aborozi b’ u Rwanda bise ASSERU (Association des Eleveurs du Rwanda). Naho Gregoire Kayibanda ashinga “Mouvement Social Muhutu” yari igamije kurengera Umuhutu. Ku itariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 1957, i Save, Yozefu Habyarimana Gitera yahimbye APROSOMA “Association pour la Promotion de la Masse”. Ayo mashyirahamwe yose ni yo yaje kuvukamo amashyaka ya politiki kandi yose asa nk’ashingiye ku moko.

Ikibazo cy’amoko cyakomeje gutera inkeke maze kuwa 24 Werurwe 1957, Abahutu icyenda barimo Kayibanda, Gitera, Magisi Niyonzima..., basinye inyandiko bise“Note sur l’aspect social du problème racial indigène au Rwanda” yavugaga uko ikibazo cy’amoko kimeze mu Rwanda. Iyo nyandiko abantu bahise bayihimba izina rya “Manifeste y’Abahutu” kandi yari yo koko. Kuko yarwanyaga ubwikanyize, ikarwanira uburenganzira bwa buri wese, igasaba iringaniza mu mashuri yisumbuye hakurikijwe amoko, igashaka ko isambu y’umuntu iba iye koko, n’ibindi.

Kuwa 30 Werurwe 1958, ni bwo umwami Rudahigwa yashyizeho komisiyo idasanzwe yo gusuzuma imibanire y’abaturage mu Rwanda. Mu myanzuro yayo yaje yerekana ko nta kibazo kiri hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi nk’uko bivugwa ubu ! Nuko umwami araye ari bujye i Burayi ku ya 12 Kamena 1958, ayishingiraho avuga  disikuru ikaze, yemeza ko abakwiza ibyo bibazo by’amoko ari abanzi b’u Rwanda kandi ko uzakomeza kubyitwaza ari we ubwe bazabonana. Ariko mbere y’uko avuga iyo disikuru, kuwa 17 Gicurasi 1958, i Nyanza hasohotse inyandiko yiswe iy’abagaragu 12 bakuru b’ibwami, ikurikirwa kuwa 18 Gicurasi 1958n’indi y’Abanyarwanda 15 bari i Nyanza. Nyamara zari iz’abantu bamwe, zombi zemezaga ko Abahutu n’Abatutsi nta sano bafitanye ahubwo ko Abatutsi bakigera mu Rwanda batsinze bakanashahura abami b’Abahutu, ibishahu byabo bakabyambika Karinga. Bityo ko Abahutu ari abagaragu b’Abatutsi kandi ko nta buvandimwe bigeze bagirana. Muri Mata 1959 hasohotse itaragiti yanditwe n’Abatusi babaga ibwami i Nyanza biyise “Abatabazi b’u Rwanda”. Yavugaga koumuntu wese uzarwanya ubwami na Karinga azicwa urw’abagambanyi, akamanikwa ku giti amanywa ava!

Mu by’ukuri Abatutsi benshi ntibashakaga kwemera ko hari ikibazo cy’amoko ku buryo abagize inama nkuru y’igihugu basabye ko bakura amoko mu ndangamuntu no mu nyandiko zose za Leta. Ibiramambu, Yohani Pawulo Harroy (Haruwa), wari guverineri wa Rwanda-Urundi, yemeje ko icyo kibazo cyariho ndetse biza gushimangirwa na Musenyeri Andereya Perraudin mu ibaruwa yandikiye abakirisitu ba vikariyati ya Kabgayi mu gisibo cyo mu 1959, yemeza ko mu Rwanda hari akarengane gakabije kubera ko abana b’u Rwanda bamwe baryamira abandi. Kuva icyo gihe yiswe umwanzi w’Abatutsi. Ikibazo cy’amoko rero cyaje kuba ingorabahizi kandi kukibonera umuti mu mahoro byasaga n’ibyananiranye. Hari hasigaye gukoresha ingufu ngo Gahutu asubirane uburenganzira bwe.

Amahindura “Revolisiyo” yo muri 59

Umwaka wa 1959 ugitangira byaragaragaraga ko mu Rwanda amahoro agiye kubura, ko uwo mwaka uzarangwa n’imvururu. Ni ko byagenze rero kuko Revolisiyo yatangiye ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 1959 ikarangira ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, u Rwanda rubonye ubwigenge kandi ubutegetsi bwa cyami bugiye nka nyomberi.

Mu mwaka wa 1959, ya mashyirahamwe yose yahindutse amashyaka ya politiki. Byaje kugaragara ko yari ashingiye ku moko. Yagombaga kwitegura amatora yari ateganyijwe mu mpera za 1959. Ay’ingenzi yari:

 1)  APROSOMA rya Gitera, ryabaye ishyaka kuwa 15 Gashyantare 1959. Ni ryo shyaka ryatangiye kurwanya akarengane ka rubanda rugufi ku buryo ryiswe umwanzi w’igihugu na Karinga. Kubera ibyo, bamwe mu barwanashyaka baryo ba mbere barishwe.

2) UNAR (Union Nationale Rwandaise), yakomotse ku ishyirahamwe ry’aborozi ASSERU.  Ryari rifite intego yo kwaka ubwigenge vuba kandi ikarwanira ubwami. Ryayoborwaga n’umuhutu Rukeba. Ryavugaga ko ikibazo cy’amoko cyazanywe n’Ababiligi kandi ryari ryararahiriye kurimbura abanyapolitiki b’Abahutu.

 3) RADER (Rassemblement Démocratique Rwandais), ryahimbwe na Ndazaro na Bwanakweri kuwa 14 Nzeri 1959 rivuye ku ishyirahamwe Mouvement Démocratique progressiste. Ryifuzaga kubana no kubahana kw’amoko. Nta bayoboke ryigeze rigira kuko ibibazo by’amoko byari byararenze ukubahana kwayo.

 4) PARMEHUTU (Le Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu), ryashinzwe na Grégoire Kayibanda kuwa 18 Ukwakira 1959 ribyawe na « Mouvement Social Muhutu ». Ryari rifite intego yo kubanza kubohoza Abahutu, rikazabona gutangira guharanira ubwigenge. Mu nama yo mu Ruhengeri ku wa 8 Gicurasi 1960, ni ho ryafashe izina rya Mouvement Démocratique Républicain “MDR- PARMEHUTU”. Ni ryo ryakuye rubanda ku ngoyi,rigeza u Rwanda ku bwigenge maze ruhinduka Repubulika.

Kuwa 25 Nyakanga 1959, umwami Rudahigwa wari i Bujumbura yitabye Imana. Icyateye urupfu rwe nticyigeze kimenyekana. Nyuma y’iminsi itatu gusa kuwa 28  Nyakanga, ibyegera by’ibwami byahise byimika umwami mushya wiswe Kigeli 5 Ndahindurwa.

 Intambara y’amoko mu Rwanda

Kuwa 1 Ugushyingo 1959, insoresore z’Abatutsi zategeye mu Byimana Mbonyumutwa Dominiko, umuparimehutu ukomeye, ubwo yari avuye mu misa, baragundagurana ariko arabananira kuko yari afite ingufu nyinshi n’ibigango. Inkuru yahise ikwira hose ngo Mbonyumutwa Abatutsi bamwishe! Kuva ubwo hahita haba isubiranamo ry’amoko, Abatutsi baratwikirwa, bamwe baricwa, abandi bahungira kuri za misiyoni. Umwami n’ingabo ze na bo bahise bohereza ibitero shuma byo kwica abategetsi b’abahutu. Intambara yarakaze iba iy’abahutu n’abatutsi ku mugaragaro. Ababiligi babonye ko byakomeye bohereza ingabo z’Abanyekongo mu Rwanda zo kubihosha ziyobowe na Coloneli BEM Guy Logiest. Yafashe abateye imvururu bo mu moko yombi arabafunga. Kubera ko abatware b’Abatutsi benshi bari bahunze, yabasimbuje abashefu n’abasushefu b’Abahutu. Ibi ni bimwe mu byatumye Abahutu bagira uruhare rugaragara mu matora y’amakomini yabaye muri Kamena na Nyakanga 1960 maze amashyaka MDR-PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA yegukana imyanya 83,8%. Nuko kuwa 26 Ukwakira 1960, abo bategetsi bashya bashyiraho Leta y’agateganyo, Kayibanda aba Minisitiri w’intebe.

Umwanzuro 

Ese Agatsiko k’Abasajya hari isomo gakura muri aya mateka ngo kemere gusangira ubutegetsi n’abatavuga rumwe na ko, gahagarike akarengane gakorerwa rubanda amazi atararenga inkombe kandi bigifite igaruriro? Abavugana na ko muzakagire inama ibintu bitaragera iwa Ndabaga! Ibyo rubanda rugufi yashoboye mu 1959, byananirana bite muri iki gihe ?

Mahoro Pacis

i Kigali