Rwanda : Ibirori byo kwamagana Karenzi Karake imbere ya Ambasade y’abongereza i Kigali byahagaritswe kuburyo butunguranye !

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Abakecuru bari bambaye neza barimo babyina mu birori byo kwamagana Karake byiswe imyigaragambyo imbere y'ambasade y'abongereza i Kigali!

Abakecuru bari bambaye neza barimo babyina mu birori byo kwamagana Karake byiswe imyigaragambyo imbere y'ambasade y'abongereza i Kigali!

Ntimugire ngo twibeshye ku mutwe w’iyi nkuru, imyigaragambyo yaberaga imbere y’ambasade y’Ubwongereza i Kigali kuva kuwa kabiri taliki ya 23/06/2015, abaturage bayizanwagamo ku ngufu n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR bayitaga « ibirori byo kwamagana Karake ! » Iyo myigaragambyo  ikaba yarahagaritswe kuburyo butunguranye ejo ku cyumweru taliki ya 28/06/2015 n’ubutegetsi bwa FPR kandi Karake atarakandagiza ikirenge i kigali nk’uko FPR yari yabitsindagiye mu mitwe yabiyerekanaga imbere yambasade y’abongereza ko ariyo ntego bafite! Umwe muri abo bigaragambya wayizanywemo ku ngufu yabwiye umunyamakuru waradiyo mpuzamahanga y’Amerika (VOA) muri aya magambo : « Niba ibirori bikomeje, babishyire mu byiciro, umudugudu ujye ukora mu kiciro kimwe aha, ejo undi mudugudu uze ukore mu kindi kiciro, ariko badafungiye abantu bose muri rusange » !
 
Baca umugani mu kinyarwanda ngo « Kamenyero yenze (gusambanya) nyina », uyu mugani uwawuca FPR Kagame ntabwo yaba yibeshye ! Ubwo Rose Kabuye yafatirwaga mu gihugu cy’Ubudage kubera impampuro zatanzwe n’umucamanza w’Umufaransa Bruguière kubera kugira uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege yari itwaye Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana na perezida Cyprien Ntaryamira w’igihugu cy’u Burundi, ihanurwa ry’iyo ndege akaba ariryo ryabaye imbarutso ya jenoside mu Rwanda ndetse n’abafaransa bakayigwamo ; Paul Kagame yahagurukije intore zose zihatira abaturage kujya mu mihanda gutuka abafaransa n’abadage. Bitewe ni uko Paul Kagame yafatwaga nk’umwana umwe na leta z’ibigu by’Amerika n’Ubwongereza, byabaye ngombwa ko Ubufaransa burekura Rose Kabuye asubira i Kigali ariko dosiye igumaho ; Kagame yahise yicinya icyara ngo aratsinze nyamara ibyo bikaba byarakozwe kubwumvikane bw’ibi bihugu bikomeye byamukingiye ikibaba!
 
Ubwo igihugu cy’Ubwongereza cyataga muri yombi indi nkoramutima ya Paul Kagame Lt Gen. Karenzi Karake kubera impapuro z’umucamanza wo mu gihugu cya Espagne zimushinja kugira uruhare rukomeye mu irimburambaga ry’abahutu imbere no mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda no muri Congo ndetse n’abenegihugu ba Espagne ntabarebere izuba, Paul Kagame yahagurukije intore ze zijya guhatira abaturage kujya kubyinira imbere y’Ambasade y’abongereza ngo bashyire igitutu kubutabera bw’Ubwongereza ngo burekure Karenzi Karake nk’uko byagenze kuri Rose Kabuye, ibi nibyo twavugiye wa mugani wa « Kamenyero wenze nyina » ! Karenzi Karake yagejejwe imbere y’urukiko, rumusomera ibyaha aregwa nyuma yo kwemeza umwirondoro we, rutegeka ko agomba kuburana ibyo kumwohereza muri Espagne cyangwa kutamwoherezayo ku italiki ya 29/10/2015 afungishije ijisho mu nzu izatangwa n’ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Bwongereza, ariko ibyo bigakorwa hamaze gutangwa ingwate ya miliyoningi y’amafaranga akoreshwa mu gihugu cy’u Bwongereza !
 
Kugeza ubu ayo mafaranga y’ingwate ntarashobora gutangwa, ibyo bikaba bituma Karake akomeje kuguma muri gereza kugeza ayo mafaranga y’ingwate abonetse ! Aho kugira ngo ayo mafaranga atangwe, Madame Louise Mushikiwabo yatwitse amafaranga y’itike y’indege ajya kuririra akanama gashinzwe amahoro mu muryango w’Ubumwe bw’Afurika UA, asaba ko ako kanama gategeka ubwongereza kurekura Karake, nyamara mu gihe Karake yaburanaga Paul Kagame yari yohereje ministre w’Ubutabera mu rukiko ndetse ashakisha n’umugore w’umukozi we Tony Blair ngo baburanire Karake, bakoze ibyo bashoboye ,urukiko rufata umwanzuro ukurikije amategeko, ntabwo itangazo ry’icyifuzo ry’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ryavuguruza icyemezo cy’urukiko ! « Uhiriye mu nzu ntaho adapfunda imitwe », intore zakomeje gukusanya abanyarwanda imbere y’ambasade y’ubwongereza i Kigali ngo bakunde bashyire igitutu kuri leta y’Ubwongereza kugira ngo bufungure Karake !
 
Imbere y’iyo ambasade hubatswe ibisharagati, FPR Kagame ikoranya intore n’abahanzi bacurangiraga abahisi n’abagenzi baje muri ibyo birori bise imyigaragambyo kugira ngo babuze ambasaderi w’ubwongereza gusinzira kandi kuvuza umuziki no gukora imyigaragambyo i Kigali bibujijwe ! Umuyobozi w’umujyi wa Kigali yashishikarije abaturage kujya muri ibyo birori, bazanyemo n’abana b’abanyeshuri bari mu nsi y’imyaka 13 kugira ngo batere imbabazi ubwongereza ! Si ibyo gusa abategetsi ba FPR Kagame bazaniraga ibyo kurya abari mu myigaragambyo (ibirori) n’ubwo abo bigaragambya bavugaga ko bitabahaza ! Intore zakomeje kwicinya icyara, ziseka cyane ngo zirashaka Karake wabo kandi ahubwo abaturage bari bazanywe ku ngufu agahinda karabashenguraga bitewe n’uko bari bahagaritse imirimo ibatungiye ingo zabo bakazanwa aho batazi icyo baje gukora kandi batanazi n’uwo bavugira ! Bamwe bavugaga ko baje kwamagana abafaransa n’abadage, abandi (b’abayobozi) bakavuga ko batazi igihugu baje kwamagana !
 
Uko iminsi yagiye ishira niko intore za FPR zabonye ko ibyo zirimo ari umukino w’abana kandi ziri kuhahombera ! Izo ntore zatangiye gusobanukirwa ko  mubindi bihugu ubutegetsi nyubahirizategeko butavuguruza ubutegetsi bw’ubucamanza, ko niba icyemezo cyarafashwe n’urukiko nta kindi cyakorwa uretse nyine kwitaba urukiko akaba arirwo ruzafata ikindi cyemezo kivuguza icyafashwe mbere, nibwo ku buryo butunguranye, ejo ku cyumweru taliki ya 28/06/2015 umuyobozi w’umujyi wa Kigali washishikarizaga abaturage kujya mu myigaragambyo yafashe abapolisi akajya kwirukana ya myigaragambyo ntabindi bisobanuro atanze ! Abari muri iyo myigaragambyo baratunguwe, bazinga utwangushye barataha ariko babona ko abategetsi ba FPR babakinishije!
 
Icyo twabwira abanyarwanda ni uko, uko iyimyigaragambyo yarangiye bishushanya uko ubutegetsi bwa FPR buzarangira ! Mu kanya nko guhumbya abanyarwanda bazabona abategetsi ba FPR aribo basubiye inyuma bakayisenya ubwabo maze abaturage bayimariyemo bagasigara mu gatangaro babonye FPR Kagame igiye nk’ubufindo ! Iyi myigaragambyo yagaragaje ko yateguwe na FPR akaba ari nayo yafashe icyemezo cyo kuyihagarika, ibi bikaba byarabaye nka jenoside kuko FPR ubwayo niyo yatangije jenoside ,imaze gufata ubutegetsi irayihagarika! Abantu benshi bakaba bagereranya ibyo guhagarika jenoside no guhagarika imodoka kuko ntushobora guhagarika imodoka atayitwaye, na jenoside nayo ntushobora kuyihagarika ari wowe iri gukorerwaho, kiretse ari wowe uri kuyikora ! Ababina ukundi bazabitugezeho !
 
Ubwanditsi

Ese koko iyi ni imyigaragambyo cyangwa n'ibirori

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Kuri iyo Link, murebe ukuntu aba FPR-inkotanyi bari kwiba abaturage ku manwa yihangu.<br /> <br /> http://www.therwandan.com/ki/gushyigikira-gene-karenzi-karake-ni-ubufatanyacyaha/<br /> <br /> Ni ngombwa ko aba bajura bahagarikwa.
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Ikimpangayitse cyane, nuko uriya Mugororwa alias IKIHEBE, nibamuifungura noneho nta nyoko-muntu azasiga mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari. Turahiriwe ntituharaye.
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Byose birashoboka ni ukuri, ninde muri mwe wumvaga ko muri uku kwezi kwa gatandatu 2015, IKIHEBE Karenzi Karake azambirwa umunyururu nkuwo bazirikisha imbwa z'imisega. <br /> Nako ngo ni IMPOTORE ya kizungu yambitswe da, kubera ko yabaye igihangage mu mateka yo <br /> kuvusha amaraso y'inzirakerengane. Uko bizagenda kose, niyumveho gato nawe. :)
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Impamvu bahagaritse imyigararagambyo hari umuturage wabwiye ijwi rya amerika ko bashaka ko ubwongereza bufungura Karegeya wabo. Cyakora VOA yarabemereye ntiyabihitisha, basi bahita bhagarika imyigaragambyo ngo hato batavuga akari imurori.
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K
Ibi birori birashushanya irngira ry'ingoma mpotozi nk'uko byahanuwe.
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Votre commentaireinterahamwe n'inyenzi mwese muzarimbuka nimutihana urunva ubugome muri kwerekana hano ku rubuga?
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J
Icyo namvuga n uko agomba kwishyura ibyo yakoze n abandi babajyane iyo aba umuhutu ndakeka nta myigaragabyo yarikuba kandi se harya igihe bica karegeya ninde watanze ruswa ngo yishyure iriya cotio .
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Icyo namvuga n uko agomba kwishyura ibyo yakoze n abandi babajyane iyo aba umuhutu ndakeka nta myigaragabyo yarikuba kandi se harya igihe bica karegeya ninde watanze ruswa ngo yishyure iriya cotio .
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President Kagame mu nama n'abayobozi bakuru b'igihugu iheruka ati "You are full of yourself but little for nothing..." aba bayobozi bashaka gusigasira imbehe zabo bicisha abaturage bakombye kurengera inzara. umuntu avuye iwe cg iwabo iyo za Gitarama na ahandi aje guhaha ukamubuza gukora ukamuroha mu muhanda cyane cyane utanamusobanuriye ibyo agiyemo. Karake ysfatiwe mu Bwongereza azira ibyo akekwaho ko yakoze(innocent until proved guilty by competent court) umuyobozi bamwe Kagame yavuye "full of themselves but little for nothing" the guy is right nemeza ko ibi ataba yabibatumye ni imbehe zabo zibibatera zibibagiza inshingano z'akazi. Kagame mbere yaho gato ati "niba abaturage basinyishwa ku ngufu turi mu kibazo" Izi bayobozi nizo zumva imbehe zazo zizubama bagakora ibirenga ukwemera "nka wawundi wuriye igiti akarenga amashami" ngo tuje kwamagana abo bafaransa abo badage !!!. please rise up your normal conscience higher up your belly. Uw'umuyobozi we ati ndi hano ariko uwo Karake sinubuka abo namagana SHAME!!! Nkeka aba babikora Kagame aba atabatumye(behind his back). MURIRUKA INYUMA Y'UMUYAGA BAGENZI. vanite des vanite; toute est vanite. Bonne chance.
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Njyampora nsoma inkuru hano kurubuga zituka abahutu yuko ari ibicucu, nonese ababantu bateguye iyimyigaragambo bo tubite abanyabwenge? Mubyukuri kuva igihe urikiko rwamaraga gufata kiriya cyemezo baba barahise bayihagarika, kuko gukomeza kwigaragambya kwari uguhomera iyonkeje.
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N
Mu myigaragambyo y ejo tuzitwaza amabyi .Mwoherezanye iyi mesaje .
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N
Karake oyee, turi kumwe.interahamwe ubu ziri guta urukonda ngo zishimye ko wafunzwe ariko ntabwo uri mu buroko uri kuri ambassade.Erega ngo bakuziza ngo wababujije kuragiza kunywa amaraso y'abatutsi kandi baracyafite inyota ngo ingabo uyobora zirababangamira kuza bitwaje imbunda.ubu bameze nki misega nukubwejagura kuri net gusa kuza barwana nabo barabizi ko bacucumwa.ubu tubakurikirana hafi kuri net ibyabo turabizi report uzayibona vuba
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@Ngobo, <br /> <br /> Uziko uzi gusetsa, ubu nasetse natembagaye, ngo RukarabaNkaba Karenzi Karake ari muri ambassade. Ah bon..., kagire inkuru, nonese muri ambassade arimo gukora iki? Abongereza se baba bamwambitse IMPOTORE yo kuba ambassadeur mushya i Londres?? Hahahahaaahihihiiiiii...!
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Karake oyee, turi kumwe.interahamwe ubu ziri guta urukonda ngo zishimye ko wafunzwe ariko ntabwo uri mu buroko uri kuri ambassade.Erega ngo bakuziza ngo wababujije kuragiza kunywa amaraso y'abatutsi kandi baracyafite inyota ngo ingabo uyobora zirababangamira kuza bitwaje imbunda.ubu bameze nki misega nukubwejagura kuri net gusa kuza barwana nabo barabizi ko bacucumwa.ubu tubakurikirana hafi kuri net ibyabo turabizi report uzayibona vuba
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K
Karake wacu aratubabaje ; nanjye ndumva perezida aduhaye uruhusa tugatera amazirantoki uriya mwongereza barara barekuye KK wacu. Ejo tuzabikore di .
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Y
Abongereza ni abagabo .Ubu ibihugu byose bigiye gutoragura iyi misega y inyenzi z abicanyi .Ni imbarutso yari isigaye gusa . Ko nangwa na biliya bigugu byariye ayo byasahuye se iriya migirigiri itumwa kwica igiye kwinjira igihome ; nta nicyo iriye uretse amaraso y inzirakarengane .Mugiye guhambirwa muzapfa mwibutse amagara mwa byo ntazi mwe .puuuuu!!
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N
uziko interahamwe zasaze? ibyo uwo nyiranuma yanditse byerekana ko bafite akabazo ko mu mutwe.mbega imbwebwe!!!!
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Jyewe inama natanga nuko uburyo bwo kwigaraganbya bwahinduka ukundi dore uko bikwiriye kugenda kubwira abaturage bakarya cyane kugira ngo bitume amabyi menshi kndi bagomba kwituma mu madobo noheno barangije bazazinduke mu gitondo igihe cyo gutangira akazi kigeze bajyane ya mabyi n,ibipapuro byo kuyashyiramo, amwe bazayamene imbere ya mbasade andi mu miryango, andi bazayatere ambasaderi mbega kuri ambassade hose hazabe hanuka amabyi. sha Karenzi karake natarekurwa muzangaye pe.
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Wowe wiyise Joe, ngo wandikiye bene wigeze kukwandagaza.ubundi wirirwa wiyandagaza, urabona wanditse bifite sens ?
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Bifite sens. Mfite mu mutwe hakiri hazima.
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NSUBIZE uwitwa BENE wigeze kunyandagaza.<br /> <br /> Hari abantu bajya bantangaza bavuga ngo HE agiye gutera u BRD.<br /> HE ajya gufata ubutegetsi i KGL, hari amahirwe yagize:<br /> 1. Kuba fin stratège, no kugira culot, ntawabihakana<br /> 2. Terrain politique: opposition interne y aba Rukokoma n’abandi<br /> 3. Leta Zunzubumwe zibohera amaboko inyuma aba FAR (embargo), hiyongeraho bien sûr n’ubugwari bwa bamwe, bari bahugiye mu byo gusahura, no kujya gufata abatutsikazi.<br /> 4. Hanyuma hiyongeraho jyenosayidi.<br /> <br /> Gutera u BRD, ça serait un suicide, muri make cyaba ari igikorwa cy’ubwihebe.<br /> Naho rero mwa ntore mwe, nzirikana ko muri mwe harimo abantu batekereza.<br /> KARAKE wishe abantu nk’uwica ingurube, nako inyamaswa… n’abadafite aho bahuriye n’ubwicanyi bwa jyenosayidi, kubera gusa UBWOKO BWABO.<br /> Afite imyaka 51, mwa ntore mwe, mwumva azageza ku myaka 70, akidegembya?<br /> NIBA NTACYO AHISHA, NIBA YUMVA ARI MU KURI, AJYE MURI ESPANYE YIREGURE.<br /> Ntituzaguma kuba ba SEMUHANUKA.<br /> Mbese umulinga wo mur Kongo uracyacukurwa? Utanga umusaruro nkuwo muri les années 2000?<br /> <br /> Kuko akenshi nibyo UmuZNG areba.
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NSUBIZE uwitwa BENE.<br /> <br /> Hari abantu bajya bantangaza bavuga ngo HE agiye gutera u BRD.<br /> HE ajya gufata ubutegetsi i KGL, hari amahirwe yagize:<br /> 1. Kuba fin stratège, no kugira culot, ntawabihakana<br /> 2. Terrain politique: opposition interne y aba Rukokoma n’abandi<br /> 3. Leta Zunzubumwe zibohera amaboko inyuma aba FAR (embargo), hiyongeraho bien sûr n’ubugwari bwa bamwe, bari bahugiye mu byo gusahura, no kujya gufata abatutsikazi.<br /> 4. Hanyuma hiyongeraho jyenosayidi.<br /> <br /> Gutera u BRD, ça serait un suicide, muri make cyaba ari igikorwa cy’ubwihebe.<br /> Naho rero mwa ntore mwe, nzirikana ko muri mwe harimo abantu batekereza.<br /> KARAKE wishe abantu nk’uwica ingurube, nako inyamaswa… n’abadafite aho bahuriye n’ubwicanyi bwa jyenosayidi, kubera gusa UBWOKO BWABO.<br /> Afite imyaka 51, mwa ntore mwe, mwumva azageza ku myaka 70, akidegembya?<br /> <br /> NIBA NTACYO AHISHA, NIBA YUMVA ARI MU KURI, AJYE MURI ESPANYE YIREGURE.<br /> <br /> Ntituzaguma kuba ba SEMUHANUKA.
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Kamanzi, nawe ntabwo aririwowe wabishatse ko umera gutyo ukirirwa utukana kiri net utuka Kagame ngo yakubujije kunywa amaraso y'abatutsi kandi nubu urayakumbuye .kuza mu Rwanda longer kuyanywa byarakunaniye inama wihaye ngo n'ugutukana kuri net.amaraso ni mabi kweri.umeze nk'imbwa ibwejagura izinze akarizo ifite ubwoba kandi ntabwo yabuza umuntu gutambura.puuu
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Kamanzi, nawe ntabwo aririwowe wabishatse ko umera gutyo ukirirwa utukana kiri net utuka Kagame ngo yakubujije kunywa amaraso y'abatutsi kandi nubu urayakumbuye .kuza mu Rwanda longer kuyanywa byarakunaniye inama wihaye ngo n'ugutukana kuri net.amaraso ni mabi kweri
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Kamanzi, nawe ntabwo aririwowe wabishatse ko umera gutyo ukirirwa utukana kiri net utuka Kagame ngo yakubujije kunywa amaraso y'abatutsi kandi nubu urayakumbuye .kuza mu Rwanda longer kuyanywa byarakunaniye inama wihaye ngo n'ugutukana kuri net.amaraso ni mabi kweri
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K
Umuntu nka KAGAME utuka abantu ngo IBIGARASHA,AMAZIRANTOKI..........yaba ayobora RWANDA? birababaje
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K
ndi muzima nta kibazo da! Ntabwo narwaye mu mutwe! Urumva wa nore we! none se ko KAGAME shobuja atuka abantu ngo " ibigarasha,amabyi,gusya........HARYA NAWE YARWAYE MU MUTWE? wazamubwiye se akajya kwivuza mbere yo kumbwira? Ijya kulisha ihera ku rugo. Kuba navuze KARENZI w'umwicanyi biga ububasha bwo kuntuka wa nyenzi we
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M
wowe kamanzi, ibyo wandika byerekana capacite intellectualle ufite.ushobora Kuban kuva ufite imyaka 14 utigeze ukura ndavuga byerekanye mu mute.uzivuze niyo nama nakugira
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K
ndi muzima nta kibazo da! none se ko KAGAME shobuja atuka abantu ngo " ibigarasha,amabyi,gusya........HARYA NAWE YARWAYE MU MUTWE? wazamubwiye se akajya kwivuza mbere yo kumbwira? Ijya kulisha ihera ku rugo nyamara!
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wowe kamanzi, ibyo wandika byerekana capacite intellectualle ufite.ushobora Kuban kuva ufite imyaka 14 utigeze ukura ndavuga byerekanye mu mute.uzivuze niyo nama nakugira
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INTORE zabuze icyo zivuga ,zumiwe none zahisemo GUTUKANA gusaa.....BYATEWE NIKI? kuko KAGAME yananiwe gufunga ambassade y'ubwongereza.Ahimbira kuli FRANCE gusaaaa
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KAGAME yagize ubwoba cyane. Asigaye ajya kuraguza kubera ko afite ibibazo ko ABAHUTU BAZAMUTERA BANYUZE burunzi na tanzania
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I
Ntagahora gahanze!
K
Ariko KARENZI KARAKE ko yambaye inzogera nk'imbwa igiye guhiga,buliya arajya yenda(arongora) umugore we gute? nako indayi ye yanyoye maraso? Kagame ake kashobotse mba ndumwambi
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Ariko KARENZI KARAKE ko yamabaye inzogera nk'imbwa igiye guhiga,buliya arajya yenda(arongora) umugore we gute? nako indayi ye yanyoye maraso?
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Ariko uwaroze interahamwe ntabwo yakarabye, urabona ibigambo muharatura hano.Haryo niyo mpayitamwo musigaranye nyuma yo gutsindwa intambara y'amasasu !! benewanyu batashye mu Rwanda ngo mwebwe mutegereje ko mu Rwanda bihinduka .Kagame yafashe ubutegetsi arwanye ntabwo rero ari utwo tugambo mwandika ngo tuzamubuza kugeza u Rwanda mu byiza.muzaze murwana muve mutugambo kandi arimwo higwa uburyo haboneka umuti kuri mwebwe mwishora mumatiku kuri net .tuzarebe ibyanyu vuba
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U
Ariko uwaroze interahamwe ntabwo yakarabye, urabona ibigambo muharatura hano.Haryo niyo mpayitamwo musigaranye nyuma yo gutsindwa intambara y'amasasu !! benewanyu batashye mu Rwanda ngo mwebwe mutegereje ko mu Rwanda bihinduka .Kagame yafashe ubutegetsi arwanye ntabwo rero ari utwo tugambo mwandika ngo tuzamubuza kugeza u Rwanda mu byiza.muzaze murwana muve mutugambo kandi arimwo higwa uburyo haboneka umuti kuri mwebwe mwishora mumatiku kuri net .tuzarebe ibyanyu vuba
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U
Ariko uwaroze interahamwe ntabwo yakarabye, urabona ibigambo muharatura hano.Haryo niyo mpayitamwo musigaranye nyuma yo gutsindwa intambara y'amasasu !! benewanyu batashye mu Rwanda ngo mwebwe mutegereje ko mu Rwanda bihinduka .Kagame yafashe ubutegetsi arwanye ntabwo rero ari utwo tugambo mwandika ngo tuzamubuza kugeza u Rwanda mu byiza.muzaze murwana muve mutugambo kandi arimwo higwa uburyo haboneka umuti kuri mwebwe mwishora mumatiku kuri net .tuzarebe ibyanyu vuba
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Amakuru atugeraho ni uko umwicanyi mukuru Paul Kagome byamuyobeye kuva aho abazungu bamukingiraga ikibaba batangiye kumwima amatwi ahubwo bakaba bari gufunga abicanyi be nka Karake! Kubera ubwoba afite Pilato Kagame yagiye i Cyangugu kuraguza ku mukecuru witwa Adiriya utuye mu Gishoma ngo amushakire intsinzi kuko ari kubona ubuzima bwe buri kugana ahantu habi! Ubwo bwoba bwarushijeho kuba bwinshi kuva aho abacengezi be yinjije mu ngabo z'u Burundi bamugerejeho raporo y'uko igihugu cy'Uburusiya kiri kugemura intwaro ku bwinshi kandi zikomeye zigashyikirizwa abasilikare b'abahutu bashigikiye Nkurunziza! Kagome yamaze kubona ko urupfu rwe ruzaturuka i Burundi ejo kuwa kabiri amaze kubonana n'Adiriya azabonana n'abagaba bakuru b'ingabo ze yohereje mu Bugarama kugira ngo bategure igitero kizagabwa ku Burundi mbere y'italiki ya 15/07/2015 kugirango haburizwemo itora rya Nkurunziza. Icyo gitero kizavugwa ko kivuye muri Congo! Mwitege ibigiye kuba mu karere kuko abarundi nabo baryamiye amajanjya!
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Ariko uwaroze interahamwe ntabwo yakarabye, urabona ibigambo muharatura hano.Haryo niyo mpayitamwo musigaranye nyuma yo gutsindwa intambara y'amasasu !! benewanyu batashye mu Rwanda ngo mwebwe mutegereje ko mu Rwanda bihinduka .Kagame yafashe ubutegetsi arwanye ntabwo rero ari utwo tugambo mwandika ngo tuzamubuza kugeza u Rwanda mu byiza.muzaze murwana muve mutugambo kandi arimwo higwa uburyo haboneka umuti kuri mwebwe mwishora mumatiku kuri net .tuzarebe ibyanyu vuba
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yabuze ico yavuga ,none yita buri muntu interahamwe.Abo bahutu se uzabatwara iki?wa cyohe we
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On November 15th of last year, Dr. Roger O’Keefe (Cambridge University) gave a very interesting talk at Oxford University titled “Immunities and Extradition: The Curious Case of Khurts Bat”. I was not there, but benefitted from Oxford University’s excellent podcast system (podcast of talk available here). As Dr. O’Keefe explained, the talk developed views he had already expressed in a case note he had written for the British Yearbook of International Law. The case in question was Khurts Bat v Investigating Judge of the German Federal Court, [2011] EWHC 2029 (Admin). The case involved a request by Germany for the extradition, from the UK, of Mr Khurts Bat, head of the Office of National Security of Mongolia. He was sought on account of crimes he supposedly committed in Germany, particularly the kidnapping, imprisonment and questioning of a Mongolian national. In the extradition proceedings before the English court, Mongolia attempted to prevent the extradition of her official by invoking two types of immunity, both of which failed. First, Mongolia relied on personal/ status immunity or immunity ratione personae on the basis that defendant was said to be a member of a Special Mission sent by Mongolia to the UK and also by virtue of Mr. Bat’s position as “a very senior governmental officer.” Secondly Mongolia relied on subject-matter immunity or immunity ratione materiae, arguing that the acts in respect of which Khurts Bat was accused in Germany were committed on behalf of Mongolia.<br /> <br /> It had been asserted before the English court that “[Mr. Khurts Bat was] entitled to immunity from criminal prosecution in Germany ratione materiae” (ibid., para. 63). Dr. O’Keefe considered this argument to be “wholly illogical”. For him, to focus on whether the defendant was immune, as a matter of international law, from the courts of the requesting State (Germany), as opposed to from the jurisdiction of the English courts was plainly wrong. The point was crucial because the court eventually held that, under international law, there was no immunity ratione materiae from the jurisdiction of a State with respect to acts done in that State. Since the acts were done in Germany and the English court considered immunity from German jurisdiction, it was held that Mr Khurts Bat did not benefit from immunity ratione materiae. As I explain below, I think the English court was right to treat the question as one relating to immunity from German jurisdiction and not from English jurisdiction.<br /> <br /> Dr. O’Keefe’s objection is primarily based upon the fact that the extradition process, under English law, is an exercise of criminal jurisdiction. Drawing upon the Pinochet (No. 3) precedent, he contends that immunity ratione materiae applies to extradition processes because they are themselves criminal proceedings. In support of his position, he points to a handful of statements by some of the Lords in Pinochet (Lord Saville, for example, said: “It is accepted that the extradition proceedings against [Senator Pinochet] are criminal proceedings. It follows that unless there exists, by agreement or otherwise, any relevant qualification or exception to the general rule of immunity ratione materiae, Senator Pinochet is immune from this extradition process”. Pinochet (No. 3) [2000] 1 AC 147, 266). Also, Dr. O’Keefe observes that the certified point of law in Pinochet (No. 3), as put to the House of Lords by the Divisional Court from whose decision appeal was sought, was “the proper interpretation and scope of the immunity enjoyed by a former head of state from arrest and extradition proceedings in the United Kingdom in respect of acts committed while he was head of state” (ibid., 152). The consequence of his argument is that there should be no reason why immunity ratione materiae would be treated differently than personal immunities. By assuming there is an international rule of immunity ratione materiae from extradition process, Dr. O’Keefe is thus content to subscribe to Lord Phillips’s hypothetical formula as a general truth: “The argument in relation to extradition has proceeded on the premise that the same principles apply that would apply if Senator Pinochet were being prosecuted in this country for the conduct in question. It seems to me that that is an appropriate premise on which to proceed.” (ibid., 280).<br /> <br /> I am not so sure that this is right. In fact, I would disagree with Dr. O’Keefe’s extension of Lord Phillips’s premise, deemed suitable in the circumstances of Pinochet (No. 3), to every extradition case and, in particular, to Khurts Bat. My disagreement rests on two points.<br /> <br /> Immunity ratione materiae does not apply to extradition proceedings<br /> <br /> First, legal processes from which foreign State officials enjoy personal immunities, as a matter of international law, do not necessarily correspond to the ones from which they enjoy immunity ratione materiae. Extradition is one such proceeding from which the latter type of immunity is not really required. At least one case clearly supporting this could be cited. That is the extradition proceedings before Swiss courts against Mr. Evgeny Adamov, a former Minister of Atomic Energy of Russia who was sought for prosecution both in the United States and in Russia. (Adamov v Federal Office of Justice (Switzerland, Federal Tribunal, 2005), Appeal judgment 1A.288/2005). The Russian government expressly insisted that Mr. Adamov, as a former official, enjoyed immunity from foreign prosecution before US courts. However, notwithstanding the fact that in Switzerland extradition also takes the form of criminal proceedings, Russia never challenged the lawfulness of these proceedings as such.<br /> <br /> At the conceptual level, there is a fundamental distinction between immunity ratione materiae and personal immunities. The distinction is based on their different object. Unlike personal immunities, which apply even to measures that only create a mere risk of embarrassment for ‘the effective performance of their [beneficiaries’] functions’ (See Arrest Warrant case, paras. 53-54, 70), immunity ratione materiae is a right attached to (certain) acts accomplished on behalf of a State. Its purpose is ‘to prevent the legality of such acts from being adjudicated upon in the municipal courts of a foreign state’ (per Lord Millet, Pinochet (No. 3) [2000] 1 AC 147, 270). It thus only applies, as a procedural bar required by international law, to domestic proceedings aimed at adjudicating, or having the practical effect of adjudication, of acts in respect of which foreign officials enjoy immunity. Extradition proceedings, for their part, whether or not their validity is controlled in a judicial process (the situation varies from State to State), may be said to be administrative in nature, for they do not judge the accused person’s acts. This is true even where courts judging an extradition request have to make sure that the charges for which the accused person is sought would be criminal if committed in their territory: the so-called double-criminality test. Such a requirement, as many others, generally in the form of treaty clauses safeguarding the right of the requested State to withhold extradition on certain grounds, is intended to ensure that the accused person’s individual liberty will not be unduly restricted. A decision allowing extradition does not have the effect of criminal conviction, any more than a refusal to extradite has the effect of acquitting the person charged of the offenses in respect of which extradition is denied. Therefore, neither practice nor theory seems to support the view that there is an international rule of immunity ratione materiae from extradition proceedings.<br /> <br /> Pinochet (No. 3) does not support immunity ratione materiae from extradition proceedings<br /> <br /> My second difficulty in following O’Keefe’s criticism of Khurts Bat is that, it seems to me, the working of immunity ratione materiae in Khurts Bat’s extradition was not that much at odds with Pinochet’s. In Pinochet (No. 3), the argument of immunity was never intended to foreclose extradition proceedings in limine litis either. That the House of Lords even considered immunity ratione materiae to exist in certain respects (in relation to charges of murder and conspiracy to murder in Spain) did not prevent Pinochet’s extradition to Spain from being authorised (in respect of torture-related charges), but only limited Spain’s ability to try Pinochet on charges other than those on which extradition had been granted.<br /> <br /> It also cannot be ruled out that the House of Lords’ findings on immunity, as a merits defence similar to Khurts Bat, took into account the position of the defendant before the courts of the State requesting extradition (Lord Millet even said: “The plea of immunity ratione materiae is not available in respect of an offence committed in the forum state, whether this be England or Spain.” [2000] 1 AC 147, 277): on the one hand, the exception to immunity in respect of torture-related charges extended to Spain; on the other, the immunity in relation to crimes committed in Spain to which Pinochet was entitled was thought to be applicable before Spanish courts – in the minds of their Lordships, there was no exception to immunity in relation to crimes committed in the territory of the forum.<br /> <br /> Immunity ratione materiae in extradition proceedings?<br /> <br /> Now, if there is no international rule of immunity ratione materiae that forecloses extradition proceedings, is there any rule that would prevent extradition of officials who may claim such immunity in the requesting State? Here, I believe Dr. O’Keefe’s attempt to make sense of why immunity ratione materiae was argued the way it was in Khurts Bat to be impeccable. The argument is that, unless international law had not granted Mr. Khurts Bat immunity before German courts, to order his extradition to Germany, where his prosecution was to take place, would be a breach of the UK’s duty of non-assistance within the meaning of Article 16 of the Articles on Responsibility of States for International Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA); the UK would be aiding or facilitating the commission of an internationally wrongful act, namely prosecution contrary to immunity. Dr. O’Keefe is, however, critical towards applying this argument to Khurts Bat: he found it “unclear how it could be said to be [a breach of the duty of non-assistance], in fulfilment of an international obligation to extradite or the equivalent, to surrender a defendant to the requesting State in circumstances where the requesting prosecuting authority no more than asserts that the defendant is not entitled to procedural immunity before the requesting State’s courts, the latter being a question for eventual determination by those courts.” (82 BYIL, p. 625); he found “also unclear by what domestic legal route it would be open to an English court to decline to exercise a statutory jurisdiction for fear of placing the UK in breach of its international obligations” (ibid.); finally, as developed in his Oxford talk, he considered that, unless denial of immunity by Germany were a “flagrant breach of international law” in accordance with Kuwait Airways Corporation v. Iraqi Airways Co [2002] UKHL 19, [2002] 2 AC 883, “Buttes non-justiciability” and act of State doctrines would most likely not have allowed English courts to inquire into whether prosecution of Mr. Khurts Bat by German courts would be contrary to international law (ibid.). The first difficulty concerns international law; the other two are strictly problems of domestic law.<br /> <br /> There might, indeed, be practical difficulties in applying Article 16 ARSIWA in extradition cases. One of these difficulties is for States seized of an extradition request against a foreign official to establish, in view of the often unknown functioning of another State’s domestic law, whether the foreign official will ultimately be denied immunity. To the extent only international law is concerned, however, the answer to this question is a matter of fact. If facts are such that they render the duty of non-assistance altogether unworkable, the result would be that the question of immunity ratione materiae should not feature at all in extradition cases. In view of the existence of a conventional obligation to extradite, as Dr. O’Keefe seemed to suggest, extradition could certainly not be resisted on this ground. On the other hand, if there were a competing international obligation not to extradite because of Article 16 ARSIWA, no doubt the answer would be far less obvious. Does it, in itself, vitiate the application of this provision? I guess not. The problem would be similar to resisting extradition under a European Arrest Warrant on grounds of competing international human rights law obligations. The list of specific grounds for non-execution provided by the EU Framework Decision of June 2002 does not expressly include broader grounds derived from human rights. Yet, UK courts, under the Extradition Act 2003, have on some occasions considered the compatibility with the European Convention of Human Rights of extradition to certain States (for a comment on two recent cases before UK courts, see here).<br /> <br /> My final reaction concerns the relationship between international law and domestic law, notably English law: at the end of the day, if English courts cannot give effect to an international obligation, either to extradite or to withhold extradition, or decide to consider the issue of immunity ratione materiae as a merits defence of an extradition request, even if they are not strictly required to do so, it does not mean that what they do is or should be international law. If the International Law Commission is going to have a look at the problems here discussed, and I think it should, I suppose it will have to be mindful of this relationship.<br /> <br /> Print Friendly
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ariko uwaroze interahamwe ntabwo yakarabye, ibigambo mwandika hano mwikirigita mukisetsa!!!! Harya niyo mpayitamwo musigaranye nyuma yo gutsindwa intambara y'amasasu? mukomeze mwikigite mutazicwa n'agahinda kubera uko abanyarwanda babatsinze bagateza imbere igihugu cyabo nanwe mukanga gutaha benewanyu baratashe ngo mutegereje ko byahinduka.ibyanyu birimwo birigwa kandi umuti uzaboneka vuba
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nabonye utuka KAMANZI ngo yirwa asabiriza mu bazungu,ngo yoza innyo zabo? Hanyuma se ko abikora bakamuhemba kandi akishyura TAX muli England. Wowe ukora iki kitari ukwica abahutu? Ubundi se kuki U RWANDA rusabiriza amafr muli England? ntabwo uzi se ko muli ayo mafr harimo nayo KAMNZI atanga nka tax? UGOMBA KUBA URI IGICUCU utarigeze mu ishuli
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arega INTORE zose ni ibicucu...none se wakwirwa wica abahutu,unywa amaraso yabo ukamenya iki?