Urwanda rumaze imyaka 50 rwigenga : Ingorane rwatewe n’ibitero by’Inyenzi .(leprophete.fr)

Kimwe n’ibindi bihugu byose byahoze bikolonijwe, Urwanda kugirango rwigenge rwagombye gusezerera ingoma ya gikolonize. Umwihariko warwo ni uko rwagombye gusezerera n’ingoma ya gihake na cyami kubera ububi bwayo. Abo iyo ngoma yari yarakamiye bari biganje mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi. Bagerageje rero kuyigumishaho ku ngufu ; aho ihirimiye, bageregeza kuyisubizaho nabwo ku ngufu, bagatera Urwanda baturutse mu bihugu bihana imbibi na rwo kuva mu w’1960 kugeza mu w’1967.

Abambere muri bo, nka Misheli Kayihura, Petero Mungarurire naRwangombwa bahunze mbere gato y’impinduramitegekere (revolisiyo) yo mu w’1959 biturutse ku makimbirane bari bafitaniye n’ingoma mbiligi bari bamaze imyaka myinshi bakorera, kandi ibahemba. Kubera ko umutware ari ushagawe, bagomba kuba barajyanye n’abagaragu n’abandi bayoboke umuntu atamenya umubare wabo.

Itsinda rya 2 ry’abari barakamiwe n’ingoma ya cyami ryabakurikiye mu mpera z’uw’1959 zihunga Revolisiyo yatangiye le 01/11/1959, ikarangira mu by’ukuri le01/07/1962 Urwanda rubonye ubwigenge. Hari abandi bagiye babasangayo nyuma, nk’umwami Yohani Batista Kigeli wa 5 Ndahindurwa utarahunze mu 1959, ahubwo akagenda mu 1960.

Abandi benshi bagiye nyuma ya le 28/01/1961 ubwo abarwanashyaka b’Abahutu bari bamaze kwemeza ko Urwanda rubaye Repubulika, ingoma ya cyami ikaba iciwe burundu. Hari Abatutsi bahereyeko barahira ko batakwemera gutegekwa n’Abahutu, bahitamo guhunga. Muri abo harimo na Rutagambwa, ise wa Paul Kagame. Ntiyahunze muri 59, ntiyahunze mu 60, yahunze mu w’1961.

Abo bose bakiri mu Rwanda bizeraga ko bazabasha kugumishaho ingoma ya cyami bafashijwe cyane n’umuryango w’abibumbye LONI, nabo bagashyiraho akabo bamerera nabi cyane abarwanashyaka b’amashyaka yaharaniraga guhirika ingoma ya gihake. No mu buhungiro bakomeje kwizera LONI cyane, ariko icyo cyizere kiza kuyoyoka. Hari hasigaye inzira imwe gusa, ariyo yo gutera Urwanda bafashijwe cyane n’ibihugu byagenderaga ku matwara ya gikomunisti : Uburusiya, Ubushinwa n’ibindi bihugu byo mu burasirazuba bw’Uburayi.

Icyakora bose ntibumvaga ibintu kimwe. Hari abari bashyigikiye ubwami (monarchistes) ; hari abatarashakaga ubwami muri rusange, bakananga Ndahindurwa ku buryo bw’umwihariko (progressistes). Hakaba rero n’Impirimbanyi (activistes) zitari zifite igihe cyo guta mu magambo, icyo zishakiraga kikaba intambara gusa yo gusubirana ubutegetsi mu Rwanda. Izo mpirimbanyi ziyise“Ingangurarugo ziyemeje kuba Ingenzi”, ari byo “INYENZI” mu magambo ahinnye, zitangira kwitoza mu nkambi zose.

Guhera mu w’1960 zatangiye kugaba ibitero ku Rwanda kugeza mu w’1967. Ibyo bitero ntibyabangamiye Urwanda gusa, ahubwo byahangayakishije n’amahanga kugera ubwo mu mpera z’umwaka w’1961 umuryamgo w’abibumbye LONI wasabye leta ya perezida Geregori Kayibanda kugira imyanya y’ubutegetsi igenerwa ishyaka rya UNAR ryari inyuma y’ibyo bitero. Iyo myanya yari kugenwa hakurikijwe umubare w’amajwi ishyaka rya LUNARI ryari ryarabonye mu matora ya Kamarampaka yo ku wa 25/09/1961. Byabaye nko “kworosora uwabyukaga”. Urwanda rwarabyemeye, n’abarwanashyaka ba LUNARI bari bakiri mu Rwanda barabyemera.

Ni muri urwo rwego Bwana Thaddée Gatsimbanyi wari mu ishyaka rya LUNARI, akaba yari yaranigeze kuba umunyamabanga ibwami, yashinzwe kuyobora akanama (commissariat) ka leta kigaga ibibazo by’impunzi n’uburyo zataha mu Rwanda ku mahoro. Yazengurutse ibihugu byinshi azishishikariza kugaruka mu Rwanda mu mahoro. Ageze i Bujumbura, abo bene wabo b’Abatutsi bo muri UNAR baramukubise bamuhindura ikimuga, ajya kuvurizwa i Burayi. Aho agarukiye yaranegekaye bidasubirwaho, leta yamushyize ku rwego rwa sekereteri muri ministeri, akomeza guhembwa kugeza agiye mu kiruhuko cy’iza bukuru (pension). Ni uko rero, abandi nabo bikomereza ibitero byabo.

Aho Inyenzi zakunze gutera zituruka ni muri Nshiri, mu Birunga, mu Bugarama, mu Bweyeye, mu Bugesera, ariko cyane cyane mu Mutara. Ibyo bitero ntabwo byabaga bifite uburemere bumwe. Bimwe byabaga ari udutero shuma (razzias) tugamije gusahura ibiribwa ; ibindi byabaga bigamije kwica umuntu umwe cg. benshi (opérations commandos) ; ibindi byabaga ari ibitero simusiga bigamije gusubirana ubutegetsi. Hari n’ibindi bitero byategurirwaga i Burundi, ariko leta y’i Burundi ikanga ko bigabwa kugirango bitarushuho guhungabanya umubano n’ubundi wari usanzwe utari mwiza hagati y’ibihugu byombi.

Ingabo z’Urwanda rwigenga zari zimaze igihe gito zishinzwe zarabikumiriye byose, akenshi ku buryo bworoheje, hakaba n’igihe ariko gukubita Inyenzi inshuro byasabaga imirwano ikomeye. Ntawarondora ibyo bitero byose, ibyagabwe n’ibitaragabwe, ngo abirangize. Tugiye gutinda gato ku cyo mu Ukuboza 1963 kuko ari cyo cyarutaga ibindi, akaba ari nacyo mu by’ukuri kibihatse.

Igitero cya le 21 Ukuboza 1963

Mu mikorere no mu myumvire y’abakoloni Urwanda n’Uburundi byari bigize igihugu kimwe gusa cyitwaga “Ruanda-Urundi”. Hasigaye igihe gito ngo byigenge, Urwanda n’Uburundi byongeye gutandukana mu rwego rwa politiki, ariko abayobozi babyo bumvikana ko bizakomeza kunga ubumwe mu by’ubukungu. Mu w’1963 Urwanda rwaje gusanga ruhombera muri ubwo bufatanye, maze rurabusesa. Byababaje cyane abategetsi b’Uburundi. Bamenye ko Inyenzi ziri gutegura ikindi gitero, ntibagira icyo bakora ngo bagikumire, ahubwo barakireka kiragabwa.

Icyo gitero ariko gifite andi mateka maremare. Umwami Ndahindurwa yari yarigeze koherereza Rukeba, umutoza mukuru w’Inyenzi, ibihumbi 23 by’amadolari kugirango atere Urwanda. Rukeba yayakoresheje ibindi binyuranye n’icyo yari agenewe, bitera umwuka mubi hagati ye na Ndahindurwa. Rukeba abonye Urwanda n’Uburundi birebana nabi, aribwira ati “Reka nohereze ba basore banjye, bikoze mu Rwanda, nibashaka bahereko bagaruka, ariko nzabashe kuvuga ko ya madolari nayakoresheje ntegura kandi ngaba iki gitero”. Igitangaza ni uko icyo gitero cyafashe intera ndende cyane, kikagira n’ingaruka mbi cyane zitazasibanga mu mateka y’Urwanda. Dore uko byagenze :

Inyenzi zambukiye mu Bugesera, zigarurira bitazigoye ikigo cya gisirikari cy’i Gako, zihakura amamodoka, intwaro n’amasasu menshi. Zirakataza zigera i Nyamata, ahari Abatutsi benshi bari baravanywe mu byabo n’ibihe bikomeye Urwanda rwanyuzemo kuva mu w’1959 kugeza rubonye ubwigenge. Aho zahataye igihe cyinshi cyane zishima kuko zibwiraga ko zatsinze byarangiye. Zigeze ku kiraro cya Kanzenze, zisakirana n’ingabo z’Urwanda rwigenga. Aho habereye imirwano ikomeye, Inyenzi ziratsindwa.

Kubera ko icyo gitero cyagarukiye ku bilometero 20 gusa ku muhanda ugana mu murwa mukuru Kigali, Abanyarwanda bose bahiye ubwoba. Muri perefegitura zimwe na zimwe, batangira kwishakamo ibyitso, hafatwa abantu benshi bari mu ishyaka rya UNAR, Abahutu n’Abatutsi bavanze. Benshi mu bafashwe barishwe. Ibyo byabaye ahanini muri perefegitura za Cyangugu, Gisenyi na Kibungo. Aho byakabije ni muri perefegitura ya Gikongoro.

Mu gihe rwariho rugigana i Kanzenze n’ahandi mu Bugesera, uwo munsi nyine Inyenzi zitera, abakuru b’amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na leta y’Urwanda bari bateraniye mu nama i Kigali, uretse ko bamwe bari banahafite amazu, basa nk’aho bategereje ko Inyenzi zihagera. Ku ruhande rwa UNAR hari Rutsindintwarane waritegekaga, Rwagasana umunyamabanga mukuru waryo akaba n’umudepite,Afrika wari ministiri w’ubuhinzi na Burabyo wari mu biro by’ubuyobozi bw’iryo shyaka. Ku ruhande rwa RADER hari Bwanakweri waritegekaga, Ndazaro wari umwungirije na Karinda wakoraga muri ministeri y’imari. Baguwe gitumo n’abakozi bo mu nzego zishinzwe iperereza n’umutekano, zijya kubafungira mu Ruhengeri.

Abo bakozi ariko barobye n’abandi bantu, bose hamwe bagera nko kuri 15. Bamwe bavuga ko barasiwe mu Ruhengeri nta n’urubanza ruhabaye, abandi bakavuga ko barasiwe mu nzira, bakagera mu Ruhengeri bapfuye. Ikizwi cyo ni uko atari perezida Geregori Kayibanda wategetse ko bicwa. Benshi bakeka ko bishwe na ba bakozi bo mu nzego z’umutekano bari babafashe, abandi bagahamya ko bishwe n’Ababiligi batozaga ingabo z’Urwanda n’inzego z’iperereza. Impamvu ikaba ari uko abo barwanashyaka bari barigeze gutuka Ububiligi n’Ababiligi bakabihanagurizaho. Ibi bishobora kuba bifite ishingiro kuko perezida Geregori Kayibanda yahereyeko ahambiriza abo Babiligi, bakava mu Rwanda igitaraganya. Naho imfungwa z’intambara zari zafatiwe i Kanzenze n’ahandi mu Bugesera, zaburanishijwe n’urukiko rwa gisirikari, zikatirwa urwo gupfa. Icyakora perezida Geregori Kayibanda yarazisoneye, zijya gufungirwa mu Ruhengeri.

Mu kwandika amateka y’ibitero by’Inyenzi, Padiri Alegisi Kagame arangiza agira ati : “Mbere y’umwaka w’1963, nta gitero cy’Inyenzi cyari cyaragize ingaruka nk’izo mu w’1963 nyine. Na nyuma yaho, nta kindi gitero cyongeye kugira ingaruka nk’izo” (Alexis Kagame, Un abrégé de l’histoire du Rwanda de 1853 à 1972, Ed. Universitaires, Butare 1975, p. 358).

Padiri Alegisi Kagame yaje kwitaba Imana mu w’1981. Iyo ategereza gato ngo yirebere uko ingaruka z’igitero cy’Inyenzi-Inkotanyi le 1/10/1990 zaruse mu bwinshi no mu bubi iz’igitero cy’Inyenzi mu w’1963. Ese ubu koko Urwanda ruzarinda ruhimbaza n’imyaka 100 y’ubwigenge rutaragira amahoro nyayo kandi arambye?

Padiri F. Rudakemwa